ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Exam 1
1. What is a characteristic of coronary artery disease (CAD)?
- A. The build-up of infectious by-products in the lymph nodes
- B. Insufficient delivery of oxygenated blood to the myocardium
- C. Insufficient delivery of carbon dioxide to the lungs
- D. The build-up of bile in the stomach and gallbladder
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct characteristic of coronary artery disease (CAD) is the insufficient delivery of oxygenated blood to the myocardium. CAD is a condition where the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. This lack of oxygenated blood can result in chest pain, known as angina, and if a coronary artery becomes completely blocked, it can cause a heart attack. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A refers to an issue related to the lymphatic system, choice C is about gas exchange in the lungs, and choice D describes a problem with bile accumulation in the digestive system, none of which are characteristics of CAD.
2. A patient is receiving a blood transfusion and develops chills, a headache, and low back pain. What is the nurse’s priority action?
- A. Administer acetaminophen
- B. Stop the transfusion
- C. Slow the transfusion rate
- D. Administer antihistamines
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to stop the transfusion (Choice B). The symptoms described - chills, headache, and low back pain - are indicative of a transfusion reaction. The priority action is to immediately stop the transfusion to prevent further complications such as more severe reactions like hemolytic reactions or anaphylaxis. Administering acetaminophen (Choice A) may help with symptoms but does not address the underlying cause. Slowing the transfusion rate (Choice C) may not be sufficient if a serious transfusion reaction is occurring. Administering antihistamines (Choice D) is not the priority in this situation; stopping the transfusion takes precedence to ensure patient safety.
3. In the Philippines, the existing laws only allow for 7 days of paternity leave. Consequently, fathers get to spend less time with their newborn baby. Which context in Bronfenbrenner's theory does this fall under?
- A. Microsystem
- B. Macrosystem
- C. Mesosystem
- D. Exosystem
Correct answer: D
Rationale: This situation falls under the exosystem in Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. The exosystem comprises broader social systems that indirectly influence individuals' lives, such as laws governing parental leave. The limited paternity leave directly impacts fathers' ability to spend time with their newborns but is determined by external factors like societal policies, making it an exosystem influence. Choices A, B, and C do not fit this scenario as they refer to more immediate social environments or broader cultural norms that do not directly determine parental leave policies.
4. What is the appropriate action for a patient experiencing chest pain?
- A. Administer aspirin
- B. Reposition the patient
- C. Check oxygen saturation
- D. Prepare for surgery
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct action for a patient experiencing chest pain is to administer aspirin. Aspirin helps reduce the risk of clot formation in patients with chest pain, as it has antiplatelet effects. Repositioning the patient may not address the underlying cause of the chest pain. Checking oxygen saturation is important but not the initial priority in this scenario. Surgery is not typically the first-line treatment for chest pain without further assessment and diagnostic procedures.
5. A charge nurse is preparing to lead negotiations among nursing staff due to conflict about overtime requirements. Which of the following strategies should the nurse use to promote effective negotiation?
- A. Identify solutions prior to the negotiation.
- B. Focus on how to resolve the conflict.
- C. Attempt to understand both sides of the issue.
- D. Avoid personalizing the conflict.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In negotiating conflicts, it is crucial to attempt to understand both sides of the issue. This strategy helps the charge nurse gain insights into the perspectives and concerns of all parties involved, facilitating a more effective negotiation process. Choice A is not ideal as identifying solutions prior to negotiation may overlook important viewpoints or needs. Choice B is vague and does not provide a specific action plan for resolving the conflict. Choice D is incorrect as personalizing the conflict can lead to biased decision-making and hinder the negotiation process.
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