Nursing Elites

1. What is a key component of a comprehensive discharge plan for a patient with heart failure?

• A. Advising on appropriate physical activity and exercise
• B. Fluid restriction to prevent fluid overload
• C. Dietary recommendations, including a low-sodium diet
• D. Medication management, including diuretics and ACE inhibitors

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The main components of a comprehensive discharge plan for a patient with heart failure include advising on appropriate physical activity and exercise to improve cardiovascular health and overall well-being. While fluid restriction and dietary recommendations are important aspects of heart failure management, advising on physical activity and exercise is crucial for improving cardiac function and quality of life post-discharge. Medication management is also essential but focusing on physical activity is particularly relevant for long-term management and preventing readmissions.

2. When preparing to give a report during a shift change, what information is most critical to communicate?

• A. Include a full family medical history.
• B. Focus on changes in the patient's condition.
• C. Summarize the patient's treatment plan.
• D. Provide updates on the patient's lab results.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During a shift change report, the most critical information to communicate is focusing on changes in the patient's condition. This helps ensure that all healthcare providers are aware of any significant developments or deterioration in the patient's health status, allowing for timely and appropriate interventions. Choices A, C, and D are not as crucial during a shift report. While a full family medical history and treatment plan are important aspects of patient care, they are not the primary focus during a shift change report. Providing updates on lab results may be important but may not be as time-sensitive or immediately impactful as changes in the patient's condition.

3. The healthcare provider is assessing how a patient's pain is affecting mobility. Which assessment question is most appropriate?

• A. What activities, if any, has your pain prevented you from doing?
• B. When does your pain medication typically take effect on your pain?
• C. Would you please rate your pain on a scale from 0 to 10 for me?
• D. Have you considered working with a physical therapist?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most appropriate assessment question in this scenario is asking the patient, 'What activities, if any, has your pain prevented you from doing?' This question helps the healthcare provider understand how pain is impacting the patient's daily activities and mobility, providing valuable insight into the limitations caused by the pain. Choice B focuses on pain medication effectiveness, which is not directly related to mobility assessment. Choice C aims at pain intensity assessment but does not directly address mobility issues. Choice D suggests a solution rather than gathering information about the current impact of pain on mobility.

4. What is the most appropriate action for handling hazardous drugs?

• A. Wear gloves and wash hands after handling.
• B. Store the drugs according to manufacturer instructions.
• C. Discard unused drugs in regular trash.
• D. Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling hazardous drugs.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The most appropriate action when handling hazardous drugs is to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect oneself from exposure to the harmful substances. Gloves and handwashing are important but may not provide sufficient protection from hazardous drugs. Storing drugs correctly and disposing of unused drugs properly are also essential, but the primary focus should be on using PPE to prevent exposure.

5. What is the recommended procedure for a healthcare professional to follow when applying sterile gloves?

• A. Use non-sterile gloves first, followed by sterile gloves.
• B. Put on sterile gloves, then gown.
• C. Apply gloves after donning a mask.
• D. Apply gloves before touching any sterile equipment.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct procedure for applying sterile gloves is to do so before touching any sterile equipment or surfaces. This helps maintain the sterility of the gloves. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they suggest incorrect sequences that may compromise the sterility of the gloves. Using non-sterile gloves first can introduce contamination, putting on gloves before a gown can lead to contamination of the gloves during gowning, and applying gloves after donning a mask can risk contamination of the gloves from the mask.

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