Nursing Elites

1. What are the important considerations when administering blood products to a patient?

• A. Ensuring proper documentation of the transfusion
• B. Verifying the patient's identity before administration
• C. Monitoring for allergic reactions or transfusion reactions
• D. Monitoring the patient's vital signs during transfusion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Verifying the patient's identity before administration is a critical step to ensure that the correct blood product is given to the right patient, thereby preventing transfusion errors. While ensuring proper documentation of the transfusion (choice A) is important for record-keeping, verifying patient identity (choice B) directly addresses the risk of administering blood to the wrong patient. Monitoring for allergic reactions or transfusion reactions (choice C) and monitoring the patient's vital signs during transfusion (choice D) are also essential considerations during blood product administration, but verifying patient identity takes precedence to prevent potentially life-threatening errors.

2. A female client with anxiety disorder is being taught about alprazolam by a nurse. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. This medication may increase your blood pressure
• B. Use a reliable form of contraception while taking this medication
• C. If a dose is missed, double the next dose of medication
• D. Do not eat aged cheeses while taking this medication

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Alprazolam can increase the risk of pregnancy complications, so using a reliable form of contraception is essential to prevent unintended pregnancies. Choice A is incorrect because alprazolam typically does not increase blood pressure. Choice C is incorrect as doubling the next dose after a missed dose can lead to overdose and adverse effects. Choice D is unrelated to alprazolam and is not a concern when taking this medication.

3. A nurse is caring for a client who has not voided for 8 hours following the removal of an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

• A. Provide assistance to the bathroom
• B. Insert a straight catheter
• C. Increase fluids
• D. Perform a bladder scan

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Performing a bladder scan is the first step to assess bladder retention before any further interventions.

4. A nurse is presenting educational materials for a group of middle-aged clients about menopausal hormone therapy following a total hysterectomy. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

• A. Take at different times of the day
• B. Prevents from having a cerebral hemorrhage
• C. Prevents osteoporotic fractures
• D. Take an extra dose if missed a day

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct information the nurse should include is that menopausal hormone therapy helps prevent osteoporotic fractures by maintaining bone density. Option A is incorrect as hormone therapy should be taken consistently at the same time each day for optimal effectiveness. Option B is incorrect as menopausal hormone therapy is not primarily aimed at preventing cerebral hemorrhage. Option D is incorrect because taking an extra dose is not recommended if a dose is missed; instead, the missed dose should be taken as soon as remembered, unless it is close to the time for the next dose.

5. When providing discharge instructions for a patient with diabetes, what is the most important information to include?

• A. Encourage the patient to maintain a high-carbohydrate diet.
• B. Teach the patient how to monitor their blood sugar levels.
• C. Recommend the patient engage in regular exercise.
• D. Provide the patient with a list of restricted foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most critical information to include when providing discharge instructions for a patient with diabetes is teaching them how to monitor their blood sugar levels. This empowers the patient to actively manage their condition, make informed decisions about their diet and medication, and prevent complications. Encouraging a high-carbohydrate diet (Choice A) can be detrimental for diabetic patients as it may lead to unstable blood sugar levels. While regular exercise (Choice C) is important in diabetes management, monitoring blood sugar levels takes precedence. Providing a list of restricted foods (Choice D) is relevant but not as crucial as teaching the patient how to monitor their blood sugar levels.

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