ATI RN
ATI Capstone Comprehensive Assessment B
1. A client is preparing for a surgical procedure but refuses to remove religious jewelry. What is the best course of action?
- A. Proceed with surgery and document the refusal.
- B. Ask the client for permission to secure the jewelry.
- C. Remove the jewelry and store it safely.
- D. Postpone the surgery until the jewelry is removed.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The best course of action is to ask the client for permission to secure the jewelry. This respects the client's religious beliefs while also ensuring that the jewelry does not interfere during the surgical procedure. Proceeding with surgery without addressing the presence of the jewelry can lead to complications or distress for the client. Removing the jewelry without consent or postponing the surgery solely due to the presence of religious jewelry are not appropriate actions in this situation.
2. A nurse is completing an assessment of a recently widowed older adult client. He states he is unable to drive and is afraid to cook on the stove. Which of the following community resources should the nurse recommend?
- A. Hospice care
- B. Meals on Wheels
- C. Home health services
- D. American Association of Retired Persons
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels is a community resource that provides food for older adults who are unable to cook for themselves, promoting independence and ensuring proper nutrition. Hospice care (choice A) focuses on providing comfort and support for individuals with life-limiting illnesses; it is not primarily aimed at providing meals. Home health services (choice C) typically involve skilled nursing care and therapy services provided in the home setting, rather than meal delivery. The American Association of Retired Persons (choice D) offers advocacy, support, and resources for older adults but does not directly address the specific needs mentioned in the client's situation.
3. What are the clinical signs of hyperglycemia in a patient with diabetes mellitus, and how should a nurse respond?
- A. Monitoring blood glucose levels and administering insulin
- B. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
- C. Fatigue, blurred vision, and fruity breath
- D. Educating the patient on blood glucose monitoring
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct signs of hyperglycemia in a patient with diabetes mellitus are polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and polyphagia (excessive hunger). These symptoms indicate high blood sugar levels. Therefore, the correct response for a nurse would be to recognize these signs, monitor blood glucose levels, and administer insulin to manage the hyperglycemia. Choice A is incorrect because it only addresses the response aspect without mentioning the signs. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the classic clinical signs of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus.
4. A client with cirrhosis and ascites requires a care plan. Which intervention should the nurse include?
- A. Increase the client's sodium intake
- B. Increase the client's saturated fat intake
- C. Decrease the client's carbohydrate intake
- D. Decrease the client's fluid intake
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In cirrhosis with ascites, decreasing fluid intake is crucial to manage the condition. This helps prevent further fluid accumulation in the abdomen. Increasing sodium intake (Choice A) can worsen fluid retention and edema. Increasing saturated fat intake (Choice B) is not recommended as it can contribute to liver damage. Decreasing carbohydrate intake (Choice C) is not directly related to managing ascites in cirrhosis.
5. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and refuses to use an incentive spirometer following major abdominal surgery. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?
- A. Demonstrate how to use the spirometer
- B. Set a realistic postoperative goal
- C. Determine the reasons why the client is refusing
- D. Request that a respiratory therapist discuss the technique
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The priority action for the nurse is to determine the reasons why the client is refusing to use the incentive spirometer. By understanding the client's concerns or issues, the nurse can address them effectively, provide education or support, and encourage the client to comply with the necessary postoperative care. This approach fosters a patient-centered care environment. Demonstrating how to use the spirometer (Choice A) may be important but is not the priority at this moment. Setting a realistic postoperative goal (Choice B) is relevant but not as immediate as understanding the client's refusal. Requesting a respiratory therapist (Choice D) can be considered later if needed, but the nurse's initial focus should be on understanding the client's perspective.
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