ATI RN
ATI Capstone Comprehensive Assessment B
1. When considering a bone marrow transplant for a client with leukemia, which ethical principle pertains to minimizing harm to the client?
- A. Justice
- B. Nonmaleficence
- C. Autonomy
- D. Beneficence
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nonmaleficence. Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle that emphasizes the obligation to do no harm, making it crucial in medical decision-making. In the context of a bone marrow transplant for a client with leukemia, the primary concern is to minimize harm and avoid causing any unnecessary suffering or adverse effects. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect: Justice relates to fairness in resource allocation and treatment decisions, Autonomy involves respecting the patient's right to make decisions about their own care, and Beneficence refers to the obligation to act in the patient's best interest and promote their well-being, which may involve some level of risk or harm for overall benefit.
2. A client has a new prescription for Levothyroxine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take this medication with food.
- B. Take this medication at bedtime.
- C. Take this medication on an empty stomach.
- D. Take this medication with antacids.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Levothyroxine should be taken on an empty stomach to increase absorption and efficacy. Taking it with food or antacids can interfere with its absorption, affecting the medication's effectiveness.
3. Bones continuously lose and gain minerals. This ongoing process is called?
- A. reorganization
- B. reorienting
- C. demineralizing
- D. remodeling
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'remodeling.' Remodeling is the process by which bones continuously lose and gain minerals, maintaining bone strength and integrity over time. 'Reorganization' (choice A), 'reorienting' (choice B), and 'demineralizing' (choice C) do not accurately describe the process of bones continuously losing and gaining minerals.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for levothyroxine. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor to determine the effectiveness of the medication?
- A. Calcium
- B. Sodium
- C. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- D. Magnesium
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Monitoring TSH levels is crucial to assess the effectiveness of levothyroxine in clients with hypothyroidism. TSH is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. In hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland is underactive, administering levothyroxine helps to normalize thyroid hormone levels. Monitoring TSH levels allows the healthcare provider to adjust the levothyroxine dosage to ensure that thyroid hormone levels are within the therapeutic range. Choices A, B, and D (Calcium, Sodium, and Magnesium) are not directly related to assessing the effectiveness of levothyroxine therapy in hypothyroidism and would not provide relevant information regarding the medication's efficacy.
5. Which of the following is not a manifestation of breast cancer?
- A. Peau d'orange
- B. Painless breast mass
- C. Alopecia
- D. Breast enlargement
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Alopecia (hair loss) is not a direct manifestation of breast cancer but rather a common side effect of chemotherapy used in breast cancer treatment. Peau d'orange refers to the dimpling or pitting of the skin resembling an orange peel, which can be a sign of breast cancer due to blockage of lymphatic vessels. A painless breast mass and breast enlargement can both be manifestations of breast cancer, with a painless mass being a common symptom and breast enlargement sometimes occurring due to tumor growth.
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