Nursing Elites

1. What is the number one leading cause of death in children over 1 year of age?

• A. Congenital anomalies
• B. Homicide
• C. Suicide
• D. Accidents

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Accidents, such as motor vehicle accidents, drowning, and falls, are the primary cause of death in children over 1 year of age. While congenital anomalies can be a significant cause of mortality in infants, they are less common in older children. Homicide and suicide are serious issues but are not as prevalent as accidents in causing death among children over 1 year of age.

2. Which finding suggests fluid volume deficit in an infant presenting with vomiting and diarrhea for 2 days?

• A. Increased blood pressure
• B. A sunken fontanel
• C. Decreased pulse rate
• D. Low urine specific gravity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A sunken fontanel is a classic sign of dehydration in infants, indicating a fluid volume deficit. In dehydration, the fontanel sinks due to decreased fluid volume in the body. Increased blood pressure (Choice A) is not typically associated with dehydration in infants. Decreased pulse rate (Choice C) is not a common finding in fluid volume deficit, as the body tries to increase the heart rate to compensate for decreased volume. Low urine specific gravity (Choice D) may be seen in dehydration, but it is not as specific or as easily observable as a sunken fontanel.

3. The nurse is assessing a child with type 2 diabetes. The child is awake and alert with a serum glucose of 60 mg/dL. What action should the nurse take?

• A. Administer Insulin.
• B. Administer Epinephrine.
• C. Give 15 grams of carbohydrates.
• D. Give glucagon by injection.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: For a conscious child with mild hypoglycemia, giving 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates is the appropriate intervention. This can quickly raise blood glucose levels to prevent further complications. Administering insulin (Choice A) would further lower the glucose level, which is not suitable in this scenario. Administering epinephrine (Choice B) is not indicated for hypoglycemia. Glucagon (Choice D) is used for severe hypoglycemia with altered consciousness, not for mild cases where the child is awake and alert.

4. Which condition is characterized by a harsh, barking cough in children?

• A. Asthma
• B. Bronchiolitis
• C. Croup
• D. Pneumonia

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Croup is the correct answer. It is characterized by a harsh, barking cough due to inflammation of the upper airways, specifically the larynx and trachea. Asthma (Choice A) often presents with wheezing and shortness of breath, not a barking cough. Bronchiolitis (Choice B) typically causes wheezing and respiratory distress in infants. Pneumonia (Choice D) manifests with symptoms such as fever, productive cough, and chest pain, but not usually a barking cough.

5. At which age do most infants begin to fear strangers?

• A. 2 months
• B. 4 months
• C. 6 months
• D. 12 months

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fear of strangers typically begins around 6 months as infants start recognizing familiar and unfamiliar faces, which is part of their social development.

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