Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is presenting a staff development program about understanding culture in the healthcare encounter. Which components should the nurse include in the program? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Cultural humility
• B. All are applicable
• C. Cultural sensitivity
• D. Cultural competency

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cultural humility, sensitivity, and competency are key components in providing culturally competent care in healthcare encounters.

2. The clinic nurse is teaching parents about physiologic anemia that occurs in infants. What statement should the nurse include about the cause of physiologic anemia?

• A. Maternally derived iron stores are depleted in the first 2 months.
• B. Fetal hemoglobin results in a shortened survival of red blood cells.
• C. The production of adult hemoglobin decreases in the first year of life.
• D. Low levels of fetal hemoglobin depress the production of erythropoietin.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Physiologic anemia is caused by the transition from fetal to adult hemoglobin, with fetal hemoglobin having a shorter lifespan, leading to a temporary decrease in red blood cells.

3. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, the school-age child is in which stage?

• A. Industry vs. inferiority
• B. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
• C. Identity vs. role diffusion
• D. Trust vs. mistrust

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Industry vs. inferiority.' According to Erikson’s theory, school-age children (approximately 6-12 years old) are in the stage of industry vs. inferiority. In this stage, children focus on developing a sense of competence and productivity. Choice B, 'Autonomy vs. shame and doubt,' is incorrect as it refers to the stage that occurs during early childhood (1-3 years old). Choice C, 'Identity vs. role diffusion,' pertains to adolescence (12-18 years old). Choice D, 'Trust vs. mistrust,' is related to the stage of infancy (0-1 year old). Therefore, option A is the most appropriate stage for school-age children in Erikson's theory.

4. Which is usually the only symptom of pediculosis capitis (head lice)?

• A. Itching
• B. Vesicles
• C. Scalp rash
• D. Localized inflammatory response

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Itching is typically the primary and most common symptom of pediculosis capitis due to the lice bites on the scalp.

5. What problem is most often associated with myelomeningocele?

• A. Biliary atresia
• B. Hydrocephalus
• C. Craniostenosis
• D. Tracheoesophageal fistula

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hydrocephalus is the most commonly associated problem with myelomeningocele, present in 80% to 90% of affected children. Biliary atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula are not typically associated with myelomeningocele. Craniostenosis refers to the premature closing of cranial sutures and is not a common issue seen with myelomeningocele.

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