ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions
1. Which type of heart disease involves the stiffening of the heart muscle, reducing its ability to relax and fill with blood?
- A. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- C. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- D. Ventricular hypertrophy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, restrictive cardiomyopathy. This condition specifically involves the stiffening of the heart muscle, leading to a reduced ability to relax and fill with blood between beats. Choice B, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is characterized by abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, not stiffening. Choice C, dilated cardiomyopathy, involves the enlargement and weakening of the heart chambers, not stiffening. Choice D, ventricular hypertrophy, refers to the thickening of the walls of the heart's pumping chambers but does not specifically involve the stiffening that is characteristic of restrictive cardiomyopathy.
2. Which action by the nurse represents the ethical principle of beneficence?
- A. Ensuring all clients are treated fairly
- B. Preventing harm by providing accurate information
- C. Allowing the client to refuse treatment
- D. Ensuring the client's family agrees with the treatment
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Beneficence is the ethical principle of doing good or acting in the best interest of the client. Preventing harm by providing accurate information and necessary care aligns with the principle of beneficence, as it focuses on promoting the well-being and safety of the client. Choices A, C, and D do not directly reflect the concept of beneficence. Ensuring all clients are treated fairly relates more to justice, allowing the client to refuse treatment pertains to autonomy, and ensuring the client's family agrees with the treatment involves collaboration and communication but not specifically beneficence.
3. Donna needs further teaching about the use of partograph if she said to her CI that:
- A. I will start using the partograph if the patient's cervix is already 4 cm dilated.
- B. I can use the partograph in all pregnant women.
- C. I will plot the cervical dilatation using 'x'.
- D. I need to refer my patient to the hospital if the cervical dilatation reaches the action line.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Donna needs further teaching because using a partograph in all pregnant women is incorrect. The partograph is specifically used when labor is established to monitor the progress of labor and identify deviations from normal patterns. It is not meant to be used indiscriminately in all pregnant women, but rather in those who are in labor to enhance safe delivery practices.
4. What are the nursing interventions for a patient with pneumonia?
- A. Providing fluids and rest
- B. Monitoring lung sounds and respiratory rate
- C. Encouraging coughing and deep breathing exercises
- D. Administering antibiotics and providing oxygen therapy
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct nursing interventions for a patient with pneumonia include monitoring lung sounds and respiratory rate to assess the effectiveness of treatment and the patient's respiratory status. Providing fluids and rest (Choice A) can be supportive measures but are not specific nursing interventions for pneumonia. Encouraging coughing and deep breathing exercises (Choice C) can be helpful for airway clearance but may not be appropriate for all patients with pneumonia. Administering antibiotics and providing oxygen therapy (Choice D) are medical interventions rather than nursing interventions.
5. Management experience prepares the practical nurse to be a Clinical NCO or a Senior Clinical NCO. These positions are normally held by which of the following?
- A. Army Nurse Corps officer
- B. First Sergeant
- C. E6, E7, or E8
- D. E3, E4, or E5
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Clinical NCO or Senior Clinical NCO positions are typically held by personnel ranked E6, E7, or E8 in the military structure. These individuals have the necessary experience and leadership skills to fulfill the responsibilities associated with these roles. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because these positions are not specifically designated for Army Nurse Corps officers, First Sergeants, E3, E4, or E5 personnel in the military hierarchy.
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