this is a rare but serious condition where the pulmonary arteries become narrowed increasing the blood pressure in the lungs

ATI RN

Cardiovascular System Practice Exam

1. Which of the following is a rare but serious condition where the pulmonary arteries become narrowed, increasing the blood pressure in the lungs?

A. Pulmonary hypertension
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Pulmonary fibrosis
D. Aortic stenosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension is a rare but serious condition characterized by high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs, which can lead to heart failure. Pulmonary embolism (choice B) involves a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs. Pulmonary fibrosis (choice C) is a lung disease that causes lung tissue scarring. Aortic stenosis (choice D) is a condition where the aortic valve narrows, affecting blood flow from the heart.

2. What is the approximate stroke volume of the heart?

A. Approximately 60 mL of blood per beat
B. Approximately 70 mL of blood per beat
C. Approximately 80 mL of blood per beat
D. Approximately 90 mL of blood per beat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Approximately 70 mL of blood per beat. The stroke volume of the heart is typically around 70 mL, indicating the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the standard approximate stroke volume of the heart, which is around 70 mL per beat.

3. When administering dobutamine to a client, what is the most important parameter to assess?

A. Blood pressure
B. Heart rate
C. Oxygen saturation
D. Respiratory rate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When giving dobutamine, the most critical parameter to assess is blood pressure. Dobutamine is known to cause significant changes in blood pressure, making it essential to closely monitor this parameter to prevent adverse effects. While heart rate is also important to monitor, blood pressure takes precedence due to the potential for hemodynamic instability caused by dobutamine. Oxygen saturation and respiratory rate, although vital signs to monitor, are not typically affected directly by dobutamine administration.

4. The client on atorvastatin (Lipitor) should be advised to report which of the following symptoms?

A. Muscle pain
B. Headache
C. Nausea
D. Dizziness

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Muscle pain. Muscle pain can be a sign of rhabdomyolysis, a serious side effect of statins like atorvastatin. Rhabdomyolysis is a condition where muscle fibers break down rapidly and release their contents into the bloodstream, which can lead to kidney damage. Headache, nausea, and dizziness are not commonly associated with atorvastatin use and are less likely to indicate a serious adverse reaction compared to muscle pain.

5. What type of therapy delivers high concentrations of oxygen to the lungs?

A. Oxygen therapy
B. Ventilator therapy
C. Mechanical ventilation
D. CPAP therapy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Oxygen therapy is the correct answer because it specifically refers to a treatment that delivers high concentrations of oxygen to the lungs. This therapy is used for patients who require additional oxygen due to conditions affecting their breathing. Ventilator therapy (B), mechanical ventilation (C), and CPAP therapy (D) involve different mechanisms and purposes than delivering high concentrations of oxygen to the lungs.