ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf
1. What is a condition where the heart's ability to pump blood is decreased, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body?
- A. Heart failure
- B. Cardiomyopathy
- C. Pericarditis
- D. Myocarditis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, heart failure. Heart failure is a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs and other areas. Choice B, Cardiomyopathy, refers to diseases of the heart muscle. Choices C and D, Pericarditis and Myocarditis, respectively, are conditions involving inflammation of the outer lining of the heart and the heart muscle itself, which may not always directly result in decreased pumping ability like heart failure does.
2. A nurse is assessing a client who is 4 hours postpartum. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Lochia that is red and contains small clots.
- B. Fundus firm at the umbilicus.
- C. Fundus deviated to the right.
- D. Moderate perineal pain with swelling.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. A fundus that is deviated to the right may indicate a full bladder, which should be addressed postpartum. Choice A is incorrect because red lochia with small clots is expected during the early postpartum period. Choice B is incorrect as the fundus should be firm and midline, not at the umbilicus. Choice D is incorrect as perineal pain and swelling are common postpartum findings that do not require immediate reporting to the provider.
3. A mother delivers an infant at 30 weeks gestation. The mother asks the nurse for information on nutrition and if formula would be better since the baby is premature. What is the foundation for the response to the mother by the nurse?
- A. Human milk is preferred over other types of nutrition.
- B. Human milk lacks essential nutrients when the infant is preterm.
- C. Commercial infant formulas are preferred over other types of nutrition.
- D. Commercial infant formulas have not been designed to meet the nutritional needs of preterm infants.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Human milk is the preferred food for infants, including preterm infants. It contains essential ingredients necessary for the infant's growth and development. The mother should pump her breasts to provide milk for the infant if the child is receiving enteral feedings. Once the infant can coordinate breathing, sucking, and swallowing, breastfeeding directly is encouraged. Studies have shown that preterm infants fed fortified human milk have better outcomes compared to those fed commercial infant formulas. Commercial infant formulas may not fully meet the unique nutritional needs of preterm infants, leading to potential longer hospital stays. Therefore, human milk is the best choice for feeding premature infants.
4. A client with streptococcal pneumonia is receiving penicillin G by intermittent IV bolus. 10 minutes into the infusion of the third dose, the client reports itching at the IV site, dizziness, and shortness of breath. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Stop the infusion.
- B. Call the provider.
- C. Elevate the head of the bed.
- D. Auscultate breath sounds.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the client is exhibiting signs of anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction. The priority action for the nurse is to stop the infusion immediately to prevent further administration of the allergen and worsening symptoms. Once the infusion is stopped, the nurse can then proceed with additional interventions, such as calling the provider, assessing the client's respiratory status, and providing appropriate care as needed.
5. What is the drug of choice for progressive multiple sclerosis?
- A. Ocrelizumab
- B. Dimethyl fumarate
- C. Teriflunomide
- D. Fluoroquinolones
Correct answer: A: Ocrelizumab
Rationale: Ocrelizumab is the drug of choice for progressive multiple sclerosis due to its efficacy in reducing disease activity and progression in patients with this form of the disease. Dimethyl fumarate, Teriflunomide, and Fluoroquinolones are not typically used as first-line treatments for progressive MS.
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