Nursing Elites

1. What is a condition characterized by the presence of air or gas in the pleural space, leading to the collapse of the lung?

• A. Pneumothorax
• B. Pulmonary embolism
• C. Pleural effusion
• D. Atelectasis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Pneumothorax. Pneumothorax occurs when air or gas accumulates in the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse. This condition can result in symptoms such as chest pain and difficulty breathing. Pulmonary embolism (choice B) is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, usually caused by a blood clot. Pleural effusion (choice C) is the accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural space, not air or gas. Atelectasis (choice D) refers to the collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange.

2. Which heart chamber receives venous blood returning to the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava?

• A. Right atrium
• B. Left atrium
• C. Right ventricle
• D. Left ventricle

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Right atrium. The right atrium is the heart chamber that receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava. The blood enters the right atrium from the vena cava and then passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

3. The nurse is administering a beta blocker to a client with a heart rate of 58 bpm. What is the nurse’s priority action?

• A. Administer the beta blocker as ordered.
• B. Hold the beta blocker and notify the healthcare provider.
• C. Increase the dose of the beta blocker.
• D. Monitor the client’s heart rate and reassess in 30 minutes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. A heart rate of 58 bpm is considered low, and beta blockers can further decrease the heart rate. Therefore, the nurse's priority action should be to hold the beta blocker and notify the healthcare provider for further assessment. Choice A is incorrect because administering the beta blocker without considering the low heart rate can worsen the condition. Choice C is incorrect as increasing the dose of the beta blocker can lead to further slowing of the heart rate, which is not safe in this situation. Choice D is not the priority action; holding the medication and seeking guidance from the healthcare provider is more crucial.

4. Which fibers distribute the electrical impulse to the ventricles, causing them to contract?

• A. Purkinje fibers
• B. SA node
• C. AV node
• D. Bundle of His

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Purkinje fibers. Purkinje fibers are specialized conducting fibers that distribute the electrical impulse to the ventricles, leading to their contraction. The SA node (sinoatrial node) is responsible for initiating the electrical impulse in the heart, the AV node (atrioventricular node) delays the impulse to allow for proper atrial contraction before ventricular contraction, and the Bundle of His transmits the impulse from the AV node to the ventricles. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are not the correct options for fibers directly distributing the impulse to the ventricles.

5. What is a condition where blood clots form in the deep veins, usually in the legs, and can travel to the lungs, causing serious complications?

• A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
• B. Pulmonary embolism
• C. Varicose veins
• D. Peripheral artery disease

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Deep vein thrombosis occurs when blood clots form in the deep veins, usually in the legs, and these clots can potentially travel to the lungs, leading to a pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism (choice B) is a serious complication that can result from untreated DVT. Varicose veins (choice C) and peripheral artery disease (choice D) are not directly related to the formation of blood clots in deep veins that can lead to pulmonary embolism.

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