Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by the irreversible obstruction of airflow?

• A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• B. Asthma
• C. Pulmonary edema
• D. Bronchiectasis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a chronic respiratory disease where the airflow in the lungs becomes obstructed, making it difficult to breathe. Choice B, Asthma, is a different chronic respiratory condition characterized by reversible airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness. Choice C, Pulmonary edema, is a condition where fluid accumulates in the lungs, leading to difficulty in breathing but not irreversible airflow obstruction. Choice D, Bronchiectasis, is a condition characterized by abnormal widening of the bronchial tubes, leading to recurrent respiratory infections, but it is not specifically defined by irreversible airflow obstruction.

2. What is the procedure where a small mesh tube is inserted into an artery to keep it open after angioplasty?

• A. Stent placement
• B. Bypass surgery
• C. Angioplasty
• D. Valve replacement

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, stent placement. Stent placement involves inserting a small mesh tube into an artery to maintain its openness after angioplasty. This choice is correct because it directly describes the procedure mentioned in the question. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Bypass surgery involves rerouting blood flow around a blocked artery using a vessel from another part of the body. Angioplasty is the procedure of widening a narrowed or blocked blood vessel, often followed by stent placement. Valve replacement is a surgical procedure to replace a damaged or diseased heart valve with an artificial or biological valve.

3. Which test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect arrhythmias and other heart conditions?

• A. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
• B. Chest X-ray
• C. MRI
• D. CT scan

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). An electrocardiogram is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect arrhythmias and other heart conditions by recording the heart's electrical impulses. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a chest X-ray is used to visualize the structures in the chest, an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is used to provide detailed images of organs and tissues, and a CT scan (Computed Tomography) is a type of imaging that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body.

4. Which surgical procedure involves grafting a blood vessel to bypass a blocked artery in the heart?

• A. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
• B. Valve replacement
• C. Stent placement
• D. Angioplasty

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). This surgical procedure involves grafting a blood vessel to bypass a blocked coronary artery, improving blood flow to the heart muscle. Choice B, Valve replacement, is a procedure to replace a damaged heart valve and is not directly related to bypassing blocked arteries. Choice C, Stent placement, involves inserting a mesh tube to keep blocked arteries open and is different from grafting a blood vessel. Choice D, Angioplasty, is a procedure to widen narrowed or blocked arteries, typically using a balloon catheter, and does not involve grafting a blood vessel.

5. What is a procedure to remove fluid or air from the pleural space to help a patient breathe easier?

• A. Thoracentesis
• B. Bronchoscopy
• C. Chest X-ray
• D. CT scan

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Correct! Thoracentesis is the correct answer. It is a procedure where fluid or air is removed from the pleural space in the chest to help the patient breathe more easily. Bronchoscopy (choice B) is a procedure to visualize the airways, while Chest X-ray (choice C) and CT scan (choice D) are imaging tests and do not involve the removal of fluid or air from the pleural space.

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