Nursing Elites

1. Which chronic respiratory condition is characterized by the narrowing and inflammation of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing?

• A. Asthma
• B. COPD
• C. Bronchitis
• D. Pneumonia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Asthma is the correct answer. It is a chronic respiratory condition where the airways become inflamed and narrowed, leading to episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. Asthma is characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, differentiating it from COPD, which involves irreversible airflow limitation. Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes without the same reversible airflow obstruction seen in asthma. Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue and does not involve chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways like asthma.

2. The client on furosemide is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?

• A. Hypokalemia
• B. Hypernatremia
• C. Hyperkalemia
• D. Hyponatremia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypokalemia. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can lead to potassium loss, resulting in hypokalemia. This electrolyte imbalance is a significant risk associated with the use of diuretics. Choice B, Hypernatremia, is incorrect as furosemide is not known to cause high sodium levels. Choice C, Hyperkalemia, is also incorrect as furosemide tends to cause potassium depletion rather than excess. Choice D, Hyponatremia, is not directly related to furosemide use.

3. Which of the following is a type of heart attack that occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is severely reduced or stopped?

• A. Myocardial infarction
• B. Angina
• C. Stroke
• D. Congestive heart failure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is severely reduced or stopped, leading to tissue damage or death. Angina (choice B) is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. Stroke (choice C) is a condition where the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or reduced. Congestive heart failure (choice D) is a chronic condition where the heart muscle doesn't pump blood as well as it should.

4. What is a life-threatening condition where the heart suddenly stops beating?

• A. Cardiac arrest
• B. Myocardial infarction
• C. Heart failure
• D. Atrial fibrillation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cardiac arrest is the correct answer. It is a sudden, unexpected loss of heart function, breathing, and consciousness, typically resulting in death if not treated immediately. Myocardial infarction (choice B) refers to a heart attack caused by a blockage in the coronary arteries. Heart failure (choice C) is a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently. Atrial fibrillation (choice D) is an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can lead to complications but is not the same as cardiac arrest.

5. What type of therapy delivers high concentrations of oxygen to the lungs?

• A. Oxygen therapy
• B. Ventilator therapy
• C. Mechanical ventilation
• D. CPAP therapy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Oxygen therapy is the correct answer because it specifically refers to a treatment that delivers high concentrations of oxygen to the lungs. This therapy is used for patients who require additional oxygen due to conditions affecting their breathing. Ventilator therapy (B), mechanical ventilation (C), and CPAP therapy (D) involve different mechanisms and purposes than delivering high concentrations of oxygen to the lungs.

Similar Questions