ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Practice Exam
1. The client is on nitroglycerin patches. What should the nurse include in the client’s education?
- A. Rotate the application site with each new patch.
- B. Apply the patch at the same time each day.
- C. Leave the patch on for 24 hours, then remove it for 12 hours before applying a new one.
- D. Apply the patch to the same site each time.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Rotate the application site with each new patch.' When educating a client using nitroglycerin patches, it is essential to rotate the application site to prevent skin irritation. Choice B is incorrect because applying the patch at the same time each day is not a critical aspect of patch application. Choice C is incorrect as nitroglycerin patches are usually left on for a specific period, typically 12 to 14 hours, before being replaced. Choice D is incorrect because applying the patch to the same site each time can lead to skin irritation and tolerance development.
2. A client has a new prescription for alendronate to treat osteoporosis. Which of the following instructions should be included?
- A. Take the medication with food to reduce nausea.
- B. Take the medication first thing in the morning on an empty stomach.
- C. Take the medication with a full glass of milk.
- D. Take the medication with meals.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Alendronate should be taken first thing in the morning on an empty stomach to maximize absorption. Taking it with food, milk, or meals can reduce its effectiveness by impairing absorption. Therefore, advising the client to take it on an empty stomach is crucial for optimal therapeutic outcomes.
3. The nurse is caring for a non-English-speaking child and family. Which should the nurse consider when using an interpreter?
- A. Pose several questions at a time
- B. Use medical jargon when possible
- C. Communicate directly with family members when asking questions
- D. Carry on some communication in English with the interpreter about the family's needs
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should communicate directly with the family members when asking questions, ensuring the interpreter translates accurately without adding or omitting information.
4. A client who _____ diet requires _____ amounts of vitamin C.
- A. Follows a vegan diet
- B. Smokes cigarettes
- C. Follows a ketogenic diet
- D. Is lactose intolerant
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Clients who smoke require more vitamin C due to increased oxidative stress and depletion of vitamin C. Smoking leads to higher levels of oxidative stress in the body, which in turn increases the utilization of vitamin C to counteract the damage caused by free radicals. Choices A, C, and D do not directly impact the body's need for vitamin C as smoking does.
5. Select all that apply. Which of the following oils contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and low levels of saturated and trans fats?
- A. vegetable oil
- B. palm oil
- C. coconut oil
- D. canola oil
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Vegetable, canola, and olive oils are high in unsaturated fats and low in saturated and trans fats, making them heart-healthy choices.
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