ATI RN
Psychological Exam
1. Which theoretical viewpoint is most closely associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow?
- A. Cognitive approach.
- B. Humanism.
- C. Structuralism.
- D. Biological approach.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Humanism. Humanism, associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization. The cognitive approach (choice A) focuses on mental processes such as thinking and memory, not specifically associated with Rogers and Maslow. Structuralism (choice C) is a historical school of psychology that aimed to identify the structures of consciousness, not linked to Rogers and Maslow. The biological approach (choice D) emphasizes the influence of biology on behavior, also not directly associated with Rogers and Maslow.
2. John Watson argued that psychologists should?
- A. Use the method of introspection to establish the structural aspects of consciousness.
- B. Be concerned with the purposiveness (function) of behavior.
- C. Confine their work to people who are diagnosed as mentally ill.
- D. Abandon the study of consciousness.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: John Watson was a key figure in the development of behaviorism, which advocated for focusing on observable behavior rather than the study of consciousness. Choice D is the correct answer because Watson believed that psychology should abandon the study of consciousness. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Watson's approach emphasized behavior and rejected the importance of consciousness, introspection, or confining psychology to only mentally ill individuals.
3. Which parental style is characterized by warmth, control, and communication?
- A. Authoritarian
- B. Permissive/indulgent
- C. Authoritative
- D. Neglectful/uninvolved
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Authoritative. The authoritative parenting style is characterized by a balance of warmth, control, and communication. This style promotes a nurturing environment where parents set clear rules and boundaries while also being responsive to their child's needs. Choice A, Authoritarian, is characterized by strict rules and high control with less warmth and communication. Choice B, Permissive/indulgent, involves high warmth but low control, where rules are not clearly established. Choice D, Neglectful/uninvolved, lacks both warmth and control, with little to no communication or involvement in the child's life.
4. Which of the following views is most consistent with the notion that unconscious motivations can influence our overt behavior?
- A. Carl Rogers.
- B. Wilhelm Wundt.
- C. B.F. Skinner.
- D. Sigmund Freud.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Sigmund Freud. Freud's psychoanalytic theory emphasized the impact of unconscious motivations on behavior. Carl Rogers (choice A) is known for person-centered therapy emphasizing self-actualization, Wilhelm Wundt (choice B) is a structuralist in psychology focusing on consciousness, and B.F. Skinner (choice C) is associated with behaviorism and operant conditioning, which do not primarily focus on unconscious motivations.
5. One of Freud's major contributions to current perspectives of mental disorders is ________.
- A. the concept of the Oedipal complex.
- B. the concept of the unconscious and how it can affect behavior.
- C. the concept of the Electra complex.
- D. the understanding of the three structures of personality.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Freud's major contribution to current perspectives of mental disorders is the concept of the unconscious and its influence on behavior. While the Oedipal complex (Choice A) and Electra complex (Choice C) are important psychoanalytic concepts introduced by Freud, they are more focused on childhood psychosexual development rather than mental disorders. The understanding of the three structures of personality (Choice D) refers to Freud's id, ego, and superego model, which is essential in psychoanalytic theory but not specifically related to mental disorders.
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