the term used to describe a blood sodium level of more than 145 meql is

ATI RN

ATI Fluid and Electrolytes

1. The term used to describe a blood sodium level of more than 145 mEq/L is:

A. hyponatremia.
B. hyperkalemia.
C. hypernatremia.
D. hypercalcemia.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: hypernatremia. Hypernatremia refers to an elevated level of sodium in the blood, specifically when it is more than 145 mEq/L. Choice A, hyponatremia, is incorrect as it refers to low sodium levels. Choice B, hyperkalemia, is incorrect as it refers to high potassium levels, not sodium. Choice D, hypercalcemia, is also incorrect as it relates to elevated calcium levels, not sodium.

2. What is the most abundant positive ion in blood plasma?

A. Potassium.
B. Calcium.
C. Sodium.
D. Both potassium and sodium are in equal concentrations.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sodium. Sodium (Na+) is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid, including blood plasma. It plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and is essential for various physiological processes. Choice A, Potassium, is also an important ion in the body but is predominantly found intracellularly. Choice B, Calcium, is an essential mineral in the body but is not the most abundant positive ion in blood plasma. Choice D is incorrect as sodium is the primary positive ion in blood plasma, with a much higher concentration compared to potassium.

3. . A medical nurse educator is reviewing a patients recent episode of metabolic acidosis with members of the nursing staff. What should the educator describe about the role of the kidneys in metabolic acidosis?

A. The kidneys retain hydrogen ions and excrete bicarbonate ions to help restore balance.
B. The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate ions to help restore balance
C. The kidneys react rapidly to compensate for imbalances in the body
D. The kidneys regulate the bicarbonate level in the intracellular fluid.

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

4. While assessing clients on a medical-surgical unit, which client is at risk for hypokalemia?

A. Client with pancreatitis who has continuous nasogastric suctioning
B. Client who is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
C. Client in a motor vehicle crash who is receiving 6 units of packed red blood cells
D. Client with uncontrolled diabetes and a serum pH level of 7.33

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Continuous nasogastric suctioning can lead to hypokalemia due to the loss of gastric contents rich in potassium. Therefore, a client with pancreatitis who has continuous nasogastric suctioning is at risk for hypokalemia. Option B is incorrect because ACE inhibitors may lead to hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia. Option C is incorrect as receiving packed red blood cells can lead to hyperkalemia due to the potassium content in the blood product. Option D is incorrect because a serum pH level of 7.33 indicates acidosis, which is not directly associated with hypokalemia.

5. Which hormone is made in the pituitary gland and increases water absorption in the kidney?

A. Intracellular fluid
B. Interstitial fluid
C. Plasma
D. ADH

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, ADH (Antidiuretic hormone). ADH is produced by the pituitary gland and functions to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not refer to a hormone responsible for increasing water absorption in the kidney.