a nurse in the neurologic icu has orders to infuse a hypertonic solution into a patient with increased intracranial pressure this solution will increa

ATI RN

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

1. A nurse in the neurologic ICU has orders to infuse a hypertonic solution into a patient with increased intracranial pressure. This solution will increase the number of dissolved particles in the patients blood, creating pressure for fluids in the tissues to shift into the capillaries and increase the blood volume. This process is best described as which of the following?

A. Hydrostatic pressure
B. Osmosis and osmolality
C. Diffusion
D. Active transport

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

2. You are the nurse evaluating a newly admitted patients laboratory results, which include several values that are outside of reference ranges. Which of the following would cause the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A. Increased serum sodium
B. Decreased serum potassium
C. Decreased hemoglobin
D. Increased platelets

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

3. A gerontologic nurse is teaching students about the high incidence and prevalence of dehydration in older adults. What factors contribute to this phenomenon? Select all that do not apply.

A. Decreased kidney mass
B. Decreased renal blood flow
C. Decreased excretion of potassium
D. Increased conservation of sodium

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

4. You are making initial shift assessments on your patients. While assessing one patients peripheral IV site, you note edema around the insertion site. How should you document this complication related to IV therapy?

A. Air emboli
B. Phlebitis
C. Infiltration
D. Fluid overload

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

5. Which hormone reduces the amount of water in the body?

A. ADH
B. aldosterone
C. ANH
D. ADH and aldosterone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'aldosterone.' Aldosterone is the hormone that reduces the amount of water in the body by increasing the reabsorption of sodium and water from the kidney tubules. ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone) actually works to increase the excretion of sodium and water by the kidneys, leading to a reduction in blood volume and pressure. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) works to increase water reabsorption by the kidneys, thereby increasing blood volume. Therefore, choices A (ADH) and D (ADH and aldosterone) are incorrect in the context of reducing the amount of water in the body.