Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a part of a process recording?

• A. Non-verbal narrative account
• B. Analysis and interpretation
• C. Audio-visual recording
• D. Verbal narrative account

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A process recording typically includes a non-verbal narrative account (Choice A), an analysis and interpretation (Choice B), and a verbal narrative account (Choice D). These components help in providing a comprehensive assessment of a patient's condition and ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted for optimized outcomes. An audio-visual recording (Choice C), while it can be a part of some data collection processes, is not typically included in a process recording, making it the correct answer.

2. The nurse understands that one of these factors contributes to constipation:

• A. excessive exercise
• B. high fiber diet
• C. no regular time for defecation daily
• D. prolonged use of laxatives

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

3. What physiologic role does calcium play in the body?

• A. Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation
• B. Calcium homeostasis, structural integrity of heart muscle
• C. No known metabolic function, caries-preventing properties
• D. ATP energy release; metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins; regulates acid-base balance.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation.' Calcium plays a crucial role in various physiological functions such as blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation, membrane permeability, and activation of certain enzymes. Choice B is incorrect because while calcium is involved in calcium homeostasis, it is not the only role it plays in the body. Choice C is incorrect as calcium indeed has several known metabolic functions, and it is not solely for preventing caries. Choice D is also incorrect as the functions mentioned are primarily carried out by other nutrients and not specifically by calcium.

4. After consuming a meal high in fat, the _____ releases _______ to aid in digestion.

• A. stomach, acid
• B. liver, bile
• C. pancreas, bicarbonate
• D. gallbladder, bile

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine to help digest fats. Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets for easier digestion. The stomach primarily releases gastric acid, the liver produces bile but stores it in the gallbladder, and the pancreas secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.

5. A factor contributing to the risk for dehydration in the older adult is that _____.

• A. drinking fluids causes loss of bladder control
• B. older adults do not seem to notice mouth dryness as readily as younger people
• C. increased fluid intake will decrease the intake of nutrient-dense foods
• D. changes in intestinal motility contribute to excess fluid loss

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Older adults may not notice mouth dryness as readily as younger individuals, increasing their risk for dehydration, especially if they do not consciously increase fluid intake.

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