Nursing Elites

1. Is the parietal pericardium attached to the surface of the heart?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The parietal pericardium is a tough, fibrous outer layer that is attached to the diaphragm and the sternum but not directly to the surface of the heart. It forms a sac around the heart known as the pericardial sac. Therefore, the statement that the parietal pericardium is attached to the surface of the heart is false.

2. Which of the following is not true of organelles?

• A. They carry out specific activities.
• B. They are only present in human cells.
• C. They are composed of aggregates of large molecules.
• D. They are found in many types of cells.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Organelles are not exclusive to human cells but are present in various types of cells across different organisms. Option B is incorrect as it suggests that organelles are only found in human cells, which is false. Choices A, C, and D are correct statements about organelles. Organelles indeed carry out specific activities, are made up of aggregates of large molecules, and can be found in many types of cells.

3. Which of the following is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood?

• A. Hematocrit
• B. Hemoglobin
• C. Mean corpuscular volume
• D. Reticulocyte count

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Hematocrit.' Hematocrit is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. It is used to diagnose conditions such as anemia and dehydration. Choice B, 'Hemoglobin,' measures the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, not the percentage of red blood cells. Choice C, 'Mean corpuscular volume,' measures the average volume of a red blood cell, not the percentage of red blood cells. Choice D, 'Reticulocyte count,' measures the percentage of young red blood cells in the blood, not the percentage of red blood cells.

4. In all organisms, what is the basic unit of structure and function?

• A. the atom
• B. the molecule
• C. the macromolecule
• D. the cell

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'the cell.' Cells are considered the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms. While atoms are the smallest units of matter, they do not represent the basic unit of structure and function in organisms. Molecules are made up of atoms and can vary in size and complexity, but they are not the fundamental unit of life. Macromolecules are large molecules essential for life processes, but they are composed of atoms and do not function as the basic unit of structure and function in organisms. Therefore, the cell, with its organelles and specialized functions, is the correct answer.

5. Signs of aging at the cellular level are

• A. graying hair, waning strength, and wrinkles.
• B. unrepaired DNA and abnormal proteins.
• C. impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts.
• D. a fatty liver and clogged blood vessels.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts.' Aging at the cellular level involves reduced efficiency in cell division and the breakdown/recycling of cellular components, leading to functional decline. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they involve external physical manifestations or organ-specific issues rather than cellular-level changes associated with aging.

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