Nursing Elites

1. The patient taking spironolactone (Aldactone) makes a statement indicating effective teaching. Which statement shows understanding of the teaching?

• A. I will use salt substitutes to lower my sodium intake
• B. I will increase my intake of foods that are high in potassium
• C. I will call my doctor if I begin having menstrual irregularities
• D. I will take this medication at bedtime each evening

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can cause endocrine effects like menstrual irregularities. Therefore, the patient recognizing the need to report such changes indicates effective teaching. Choices A and B are incorrect as salt substitutes and high-potassium foods should be avoided with spironolactone. Choice D is also incorrect because diuretics, including spironolactone, are ideally taken in the morning to prevent disturbances in sleep due to nocturia.

2. At what age range is it important to feed a baby in a more upright position and no longer in sidelying?

• A. 6-12 months
• B. 4-6 months
• C. 12-18 months
• D. Birth to 3 months

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Feeding a baby in a more upright position and no longer in sidelying is important around 4-6 months of age. At this stage, babies start developing better head and trunk control, which allows them to sit in a more upright position for feeding, promoting safer and more efficient swallowing and digestion. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as feeding a baby in a more upright position typically starts around 4-6 months when the baby has gained more control over their head and trunk movements, making it safer and more effective for feeding.

3. What is the last step in interpersonal reasoning?

• A. Choose a response or mode sequence
• B. Gather Feedback
• C. Anticipate
• D. Determine if a mode shift is required

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The last step in interpersonal reasoning involves gathering feedback. Once you have gone through the process of anticipating, choosing a response or mode sequence, and determining if a mode shift is required, the final step is to gather feedback to assess the effectiveness of your interaction and make any necessary adjustments.

4. A nurse is teaching a parent of a child who has asthma. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Use a peak flow meter daily.
• B. Administer the medication with meals.
• C. Provide a low-carbohydrate diet.
• D. Limit exposure to cold air.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The nurse should instruct the parent to use a peak flow meter daily to monitor the child�s respiratory status and detect early signs of an asthma attack.

5. During the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury, what intervention should be included in the plan of care for a child?

• A. Administer a loop diuretic.
• B. Provide a low-sodium diet.
• C. Weigh the child weekly.
• D. Provide a high-protein diet.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury, the priority is managing fluid balance. Administering a loop diuretic is crucial to promote diuresis and reduce fluid retention, aiding in managing the condition effectively. Providing a low-sodium diet may be beneficial but is not the priority intervention during this phase. Weighing the child weekly is important for monitoring overall health but does not directly address the oliguric phase. Providing a high-protein diet is not typically recommended in acute kidney injury, especially during the oliguric phase, as it can put additional stress on the kidneys.

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