Nursing Elites

1. A 6-year-old child with daytime enuresis complains of dysuria and urgency. What does the nurse recognize these signs and symptoms indicate?

• A. Urinary tract infection
• B. Nephrotic syndrome
• C. Acute glomerulonephritis
• D. Vesicoureteral reflux

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The signs and symptoms of dysuria and urgency in a child with daytime enuresis typically indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI). These symptoms, along with urinary frequency and pain during urination, are common manifestations of a UTI in children. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia, rather than dysuria and urgency. Acute glomerulonephritis presents with hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and oliguria, not dysuria and urgency. Vesicoureteral reflux can lead to recurrent UTIs but does not directly cause dysuria and urgency.

2. Which model of practice emphasizes the child's subjective experience of their abilities?

• A. Occupational Adaptation
• B. Model of Human Occupation
• C. Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance Model
• D. Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) emphasizes the child's subjective experience of their abilities, focusing on their motivation, roles, habits, and routines. It considers how these factors influence their occupational performance. MOHO helps occupational therapists understand how a child's perceptions of their abilities impact their engagement in meaningful activities and occupations.

3. A nurse is teaching a parent of a child who has asthma. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Use a peak flow meter daily.
• B. Administer the medication with meals.
• C. Provide a low-carbohydrate diet.
• D. Limit exposure to cold air.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The nurse should instruct the parent to use a peak flow meter daily to monitor the child’s respiratory status and detect early signs of an asthma attack.

4. What is the priority nursing action when preparing a neonate born with a gastroschisis defect for transport to a pediatric hospital for corrective surgery?

• A. Covering the exposed intestines with sterile moist gauze
• B. Wrapping the newborn warmly in two or three blankets
• C. Providing sterile water feeding to maintain hydration during transport
• D. Allowing the parents of the newborn to see their child prior to transport

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The priority nursing action when preparing a neonate born with a gastroschisis defect for transport is to cover the exposed intestines with sterile moist gauze. This action helps prevent infection and keeps the tissue viable during transportation to the pediatric hospital for corrective surgery.

5. A parent of a child with oral candidiasis is being taught by a nurse. Which statement by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I will boil the nipples and pacifiers for 20 minutes each day.
• B. I will stop the medication as soon as the spots disappear.
• C. I will apply an over-the-counter steroid cream to the spots.
• D. I will mix the medication in my child's bottle.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Boiling the nipples and pacifiers for 20 minutes each day is an appropriate measure to prevent reinfection of oral candidiasis. This practice helps eliminate the Candida fungus from these items, reducing the risk of the child getting reinfected. It is crucial for the parent to follow this hygienic practice consistently to ensure the child's recovery and prevent the spread of the infection.

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