Nursing Elites

1. A child is admitted in acute renal failure (ARF). Therapeutic management to rapidly provoke a flow of urine includes the administration of what medication?

• A. Propranolol (Inderal)
• B. Calcium gluconate
• C. Mannitol (Osmitrol) or furosemide (Lasix)
• D. Sodium, chloride, and potassium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Mannitol and furosemide are diuretics commonly used to induce diuresis in acute renal failure, helping to provoke urine flow and manage fluid overload. Calcium gluconate and electrolyte supplementation are used for other specific conditions and not primarily for diuresis.

2. The nurse is preparing to assess a 10-month-old infant. He is sitting on his father's lap and appears to be afraid of the nurse and of what might happen next. Which initial actions by the nurse should be most appropriate?

• A. Initiate a game of peek-a-boo.
• B. Ask the infant's father to place the infant on the examination table
• C. Talk softly to the infant while taking him from his father
• D. Undress the infant while he is still sitting on his father’s lap

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Engaging the infant in a familiar game like peek-a-boo can help reduce fear and build rapport before starting the assessment.

3. The nurse is teaching parents about expected language development for their 6-month-old infant. The nurse recognizes the parents understand the teaching if they make which statement?

• A. Our baby should comprehend the word no.
• B. Our baby knows the meaning of saying mama.
• C. Our baby should be able to say three to five words.
• D. Our baby should begin to combine syllables, such as dada.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: At 6 months, infants typically begin to combine syllables like "dada" or "mama," but they do not yet understand the meaning of these words.

4. At a well-child visit, parents ask the nurse how to know if a daycare facility is a good choice for their infant. Which observation should the nurse stress as especially important to consider when making the selection?

• A. Developmentally appropriate toys
• B. Nutritious snacks served to the children
• C. Handwashing by providers after diaper changes
• D. Certified caregivers for each of the age groups at the facility

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ensuring that providers practice proper handwashing after diaper changes is crucial in preventing the spread of infections and maintaining a hygienic environment for the infants.

5. The caregiver asks why the 6-month-old infant needs to have solid foods when breast milk is such a good source of nutrition. What would be the best response by the nurse?

• A. Solid foods, especially iron-fortified cereals, are introduced to meet the infant's increased nutritional needs, including iron, which breast milk alone may not provide adequately.
• B. The extrusion reflex must be developed and feeding solid foods will help the infant to develop this reflex.
• C. Breastfeeding will become painful when the infant gets more teeth, so the infant needs to eat solid foods.
• D. By this age the infant becomes interested in trying new skills.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct response is A. Solid foods, especially iron-fortified cereals, are introduced to meet the infant's increased nutritional needs, including iron, which breast milk alone may not provide adequately. Choice B is incorrect because the extrusion reflex is related to the tongue-thrust reflex, not the nutritional needs of the infant. Choice C is incorrect as breastfeeding does not become painful when the infant gets more teeth, and it is not a reason for introducing solid foods. Choice D is incorrect as the infant's interest in trying new skills is not a primary reason for introducing solid foods at this age.

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