Nursing Elites

1. A child is admitted in acute renal failure (ARF). Therapeutic management to rapidly provoke a flow of urine includes the administration of what medication?

• A. Propranolol (Inderal)
• B. Calcium gluconate
• C. Mannitol (Osmitrol) or furosemide (Lasix)
• D. Sodium, chloride, and potassium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Mannitol and furosemide are diuretics commonly used to induce diuresis in acute renal failure, helping to provoke urine flow and manage fluid overload. Calcium gluconate and electrolyte supplementation are used for other specific conditions and not primarily for diuresis.

2. The predominant characteristic of the intellectual development of a child aged 2 to 7 years is egocentricity. Which of the following best describes this concept?

• A. Selfishness
• B. Unable to see another’s point of view
• C. Able to put self in another’s place
• D. Prefers to play alone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Egocentricity in children aged 2 to 7 years means they are unable to see things from another person's perspective. This characteristic is a normal part of their cognitive development during this stage. Choice A, 'Selfishness,' is not an accurate description as egocentricity is more about a limited ability to understand others' viewpoints rather than intentional selfishness. Choice C, 'Able to put self in another’s place,' is incorrect as egocentric children struggle to do this. Choice D, 'Prefers to play alone,' is not directly related to egocentricity but may be a behavior exhibited by some children for various reasons.

3. During examination of a toddler's extremities, the nurse notes that the child is bowlegged. The nurse should recognize that this finding is which?

• A. Abnormal and requires further investigation
• B. Abnormal unless it occurs in conjunction with knock-knee
• C. Normal if the condition is unilateral or asymmetric
• D. Normal because the lower back and leg muscles are not yet well developed

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Bowleggedness is normal in toddlers due to the development of lower back and leg muscles. It usually resolves as the child grows.

4. Which is a complication that can occur after abdominal surgery if pain is not managed?

• A. Atelectasis
• B. Hypoglycemia
• C. Decrease in heart rate
• D. Increase in cardiac output

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Poorly managed pain after abdominal surgery can lead to complications like atelectasis due to shallow breathing, which may occur if the child avoids deep breaths because of pain.

5. What term describes the invagination of one segment of bowel within another?

• A. Atresia
• B. Stenosis
• C. Herniation
• D. Intussusception

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Intussusception is the correct answer. It refers to the condition where one segment of the bowel folds into another, leading to an obstruction. Atresia (Choice A) is the absence or abnormal closure of a normal opening or tubular structure. Stenosis (Choice B) is the narrowing of a passage in the body. Herniation (Choice C) is the abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a defect in its surrounding walls. Intussusception is a medical emergency commonly observed in infants and young children and necessitates prompt intervention to prevent severe complications.

Similar Questions