the nurse is caring for a child with acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of acute postin
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Nursing Elites

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Nursing Care of Children Final ATI

1. The nurse is caring for a child with acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Occurs after a streptococcal infection.' Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis often occurs after an infection with certain strains of streptococcus bacteria, specifically group A streptococcus. The body’s immune response to the infection leads to inflammation and damage in the kidneys. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis is primarily associated with streptococcal infections, not urinary tract infections, renal vascular disorders, or E. coli.

2. The nurse is performing an assessment on a 12-month-old infant. Which fine or gross motor developmental skill demonstrates the proximodistal acquisition of skills?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The development of a pincer grasp reflects fine motor skills, which develop in a proximodistal pattern (from the center of the body outward).

3. A mother delivers an infant at 30 weeks gestation and asks if formula is better than breast milk since the baby is premature. What should the nurse respond?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Human milk is preferred, even for preterm infants, because it contains essential nutrients and antibodies that are particularly beneficial for their growth and development. Choice B is incorrect because human milk is rich in essential nutrients necessary for preterm infants. Choice C is incorrect as commercial infant formulas do not provide the same benefits as human milk. Choice D is incorrect as specialized formulas are available to meet the unique nutritional needs of preterm infants, but human milk remains the optimal choice.

4. The parent of a 3-month-old infant is concerned because the infant is not able to sit independently. How should the nurse respond to this parent's concern?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because sitting steadily typically occurs closer to 6-8 months of age, not 3 or 4 months. Choice A is incorrect because sitting ability and the age of first tooth eruption are not related. Choice B and C are incorrect as most infants do not sit steadily at 3 or 4 months, and it is more common for infants to achieve this milestone around 6-8 months.

5. An infant requires surgery for repair of a cleft lip. An important priority of the preoperative nursing care is which?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Performing a baseline physical and behavioral assessment is crucial to determine the infant's current health status and to identify any potential risks before surgery.

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