ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN
1. A six-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Which of these factors contribute to urinary tract infections in young children?
- A. Excessive intake of carbonated beverages.
- B. Insufficient water intake to flush the kidneys.
- C. Voiding pattern of 5-6 times a day.
- D. Infrequent voiding which results in urinary stasis.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Infrequent voiding can lead to urinary stasis, which increases the risk of urinary tract infections by allowing bacteria to multiply in the bladder. Encouraging regular voiding and proper hydration can help prevent UTIs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Excessive intake of carbonated beverages may irritate the bladder but is not a direct cause of UTIs. Insufficient water intake can concentrate urine but does not necessarily lead to infections. A voiding pattern of 5-6 times a day is within the normal range and is not associated with increased UTI risk.
2. Kimberly is having a checkup before starting kindergarten. The nurse asks her to do the “finger-to-nose test.” What is the purpose of this test?
- A. Deep tendon reflexes
- B. Cerebellar function
- C. Sensory discrimination
- D. Ability to follow directions
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The finger-to-nose test assesses cerebellar function, which is responsible for balance and coordination. The test evaluates how well the cerebellum controls motor functions and coordination. Choice A, deep tendon reflexes, is incorrect because this test does not assess reflexes but rather cerebellar function. Choice C, sensory discrimination, is incorrect as this test focuses on motor function rather than sensory abilities. Choice D, ability to follow directions, is incorrect since the test primarily assesses motor coordination and not cognitive skills related to following instructions.
3. What diet is most appropriate for the child with chronic renal failure (CRF)?
- A. Low in protein
- B. Low in vitamin D
- C. Low in phosphorus
- D. Supplemented with vitamins A, E, and K
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A low-phosphorus diet is important in managing chronic renal failure to prevent hyperphosphatemia and its associated complications, such as bone disease. Protein intake should be controlled but not necessarily low, and vitamin D supplementation is often required, not reduced.
4. An infant is born with anencephaly. Based on the knowledge of this diagnosis, what information does the nurse consider when interacting with the family?
- A. Many treatment options exist.
- B. Immediate surgery is necessary.
- C. The condition is incompatible with life.
- D. The child will have permanent disabilities.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'The condition is incompatible with life.' Anencephaly is the most serious neural tube defect where both hemispheres of the brain are absent. It is incompatible with life, as there are no medical or surgical treatment options available. While some infants with mature brain stem function can maintain vital functions for a short period, anencephaly is ultimately not survivable. Choice A is incorrect as there are no treatment options for anencephaly. Choice B is incorrect as immediate surgery is not necessary for this condition. Choice D is incorrect as an infant with anencephaly will not have permanent disabilities since the condition is not compatible with life.
5. Which describe the feelings and behaviors of early preschool children related to divorce? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Regressive behavior
- B. Fear of abandonment
- C. Blame themselves for the divorce
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Preschool children may exhibit regressive behavior, fear abandonment, and blame themselves for their parents' divorce due to their limited understanding of the situation.