Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is aware that which age group is at risk for childhood injury because of the cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking?

• A. Preschool
• B. Young school age
• C. Middle school age
• D. Adolescent

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Preschool children are at higher risk for injury due to magical and egocentric thinking, which can lead to misjudgments about their abilities and dangers.

2. An infant has been diagnosed with failure to thrive (FTT) classified according to the pathophysiology of defective utilization. The nurse understands that the reason for the FTT is most likely related to what?

• A. Cystic fibrosis
• B. Hyperthyroidism
• C. Congenital infection
• D. Breastfeeding problems

Correct answer: C

Rationale: FTT classified as defective utilization is often related to conditions like congenital infections, which interfere with the body's ability to effectively use nutrients. Conditions like cystic fibrosis and hyperthyroidism can also contribute to FTT but are categorized differently

3. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect in a child with sickle cell anemia experiencing an acute vaso-occlusive crisis?

• A. Circulatory collapse, hypovolemia
• B. Cardiomegaly, systolic murmur
• C. Hepatomegaly, intrahepatic cholestasis
• D. Painful swelling of joints in hands and feet, tissue engorgement

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell anemia are characterized by painful swelling of the joints in the hands and feet (hand-foot syndrome) and tissue engorgement due to the obstruction of blood flow by sickled cells. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because circulatory collapse, hypovolemia, cardiomegaly, systolic murmur, hepatomegaly, and intrahepatic cholestasis are not typically associated with an acute vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell anemia.

4. What type of dehydration occurs when the electrolyte deficit exceeds the water deficit?

• A. Isotonic dehydration
• B. Hypotonic dehydration
• C. Hypertonic dehydration
• D. Hyperosmotic dehydration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hypotonic dehydration occurs when the loss of electrolytes exceeds the loss of water, leading to a decrease in plasma osmolarity. This often occurs when sodium loss is greater than water loss, as in diarrhea or vomiting.

5. The nurse is assessing a child suspected of having pinworms. Which is the most common symptom the nurse expects to assess?

• A. Restlessness
• B. Distractibility
• C. Rectal discharge
• D. Intense perianal itching

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Intense perianal itching is the most common symptom of pinworm infection, especially at night when the female worms lay their eggs

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