Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is admitting a patient with a suspected fluid imbalance. The most sensitive indicator of body fluid balance is:

• A. Daily weight
• B. Serum sodium levels
• C. Measured intake and output
• D. Blood pressure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Daily weight is the most sensitive indicator of body fluid balance because it can show trends over time, helping in assessing the effectiveness of interventions and medications. While serum sodium levels provide objective data on electrolyte balance, they may not accurately reflect fluid balance, especially if a patient is dehydrated. Measured intake and output are crucial for assessing fluid balance, but it can be challenging to match the two due to various ways fluid is lost from the body. Blood pressure and other vital signs may not always be reliable indicators of fluid balance as they can be influenced by other factors beyond fluid status.

2. The baroreceptors, located in the left atrium and in the carotid and aortic arches, respond to changes in the circulating blood volume and regulate sympathetic and parasympathetic neural activity as well as endocrine activities. Sympathetic stimulation constricts renal arterioles, causing what effect?

• A. Decrease in the release of aldosterone
• B. Increase of filtration in the Loop of Henle
• C. Decrease in the reabsorption of sodium
• D. Decrease in glomerular filtration

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

3. A nurse is assessing clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which clients are at increased risk for hypophosphatemia? (Select all that do not apply.)

• A. A 36-year-old who is malnourished
• B. A 42-year-old with uncontrolled diabetes
• C. A 76-year-old who is prescribed antacids
• D. 50-year-old with hyperparathyroidism

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

4. A nurse assesses a client who has a radial artery catheter. Which assessment should the nurse complete first?

• A. . Amount of pressure in fluid container
• B. Date of catheter tubing change
• C. Percent of heparin in infusion container
• D. . Presence of an ulnar pulse

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

5. Which mineral is important in hemoglobin production?

• A. Sodium
• B. Iodine
• C. Iron
• D. Chloride

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Iron (Fe) is a critical mineral in hemoglobin production. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is essential for transporting oxygen throughout the body. Sodium (Choice A), Iodine (Choice B), and Chloride (Choice D) are not directly involved in hemoglobin production. Sodium is an electrolyte that helps maintain fluid balance, Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production, and Chloride is an electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance and acidity in the body.

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