Nursing Elites

1. A nurse evaluates the following arterial blood gas values in a client: pH 7.48, PaO2 98 mm Hg, PaCO2 28 mm Hg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L. Which client condition should the nurse correlate with these results?

• A. Diarrhea and vomiting for 36 hours
• B. . Anxiety-induced hyperventilation
• C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• D. Diabetic ketoacidosis and emphysema

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

2. Which hormone is made in the pituitary gland and increases water absorption in the kidney?

• A. Intracellular fluid
• B. Interstitial fluid
• C. Plasma
• D. ADH

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, ADH (Antidiuretic hormone). ADH is produced by the pituitary gland and functions to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not refer to a hormone responsible for increasing water absorption in the kidney.

3. A nurse teaches a client who is being discharged home with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Which statement should the nurse include in this clients teaching?

• A. avoid carrying your grandchild with the arm that has the central catheter.
• B. Be sure to place the arm with the central catheter in a sling during the day
• C. Flush the peripherally inserted central catheter line with normal saline daily.
• D. You can use the arm with the central catheter for most activities of daily living.

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

4. A patient admitted with a gastrointestinal bleed and anemia is receiving a blood transfusion. Based on the patient's hypotensive blood pressure, the nurse anticipates an order for IV fluids from the physician. Which of the following IV solutions may be administered with blood products?

• A. D5 and 0.45% Normal Saline
• B. Lactated Ringer's
• C. 5% dextrose in water
• D. 0.9% NaCl

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 0.9% NaCl. The only IV solution that can be administered with blood products is normal saline (0.9% NaCl). This solution is compatible with most blood products and is commonly used during transfusions to maintain hemodynamic stability. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A, D5 and 0.45% Normal Saline, contains dextrose and is not recommended to be given simultaneously with blood products. Choice B, Lactated Ringer's, contains calcium, which can cause coagulation and should not be mixed with blood. Choice C, 5% dextrose in water, is hypotonic and not suitable to be administered with blood products.

5. When does dehydration begin to occur?

• A. the body reduces fluid output to zero.
• B. the body increases the release of ANH.
• C. the salivary secretions decrease.
• D. the salivary secretions increase.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dehydration leads to a decrease in the body's fluid levels, causing the salivary glands to produce less saliva, resulting in a dry mouth. Therefore, when dehydration begins to occur, salivary secretions decrease. Choice A is incorrect because the body does not reduce fluid output to zero during dehydration; it tries to conserve fluids. Choice B is incorrect as dehydration does not directly increase the release of ANH (Atrial Natriuretic Hormone). Choice D is incorrect because salivary secretions do not increase but decrease during dehydration.

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