ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored
1. What is the most significant dietary influence on the development of dental caries?
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Vitamins
- C. Minerals
- D. Fats
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates, especially fermentable sugars, are the most significant dietary factor in the development of dental caries. When these sugars are consumed, they can be fermented by bacteria in the mouth, leading to the production of acids. These acids lower the pH in the mouth, creating an acidic environment that promotes demineralization of the tooth enamel, ultimately causing dental caries. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while vitamins and minerals are important for overall health, they do not have the same direct impact on the development of dental caries as fermentable carbohydrates do. Fats, on the other hand, do not play a significant role in the development of dental caries.
2. Which action will the admitting nurse include in the care plan for a patient who has neutropenia?
- A. Avoid intramuscular injections
- B. Check temperature every 4 hours
- C. Omit fruits or vegetables from the diet
- D. Place a 'No Visitors' sign on the door
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Check temperature every 4 hours.' Neutropenic patients have a weakened immune system due to low levels of neutrophils, which are a type of white blood cell that helps fight infections. Monitoring the patient's temperature every 4 hours is crucial because the earliest sign of infection in a neutropenic patient is often a fever. This allows for early detection of any potential infections. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because avoiding intramuscular injections, omitting fruits or vegetables from the diet, and placing a 'No Visitors' sign on the door are not specific actions directly related to managing neutropenia or monitoring for signs of infection.
3. A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who reports ingesting thirty diazepam tablets. After securing the client's airway and initiating an IV, which of the following actions should the nurse take next?
- A. Monitor the client's IV site for thrombophlebitis
- B. Administer flumazenil to the client
- C. Evaluate the client for further suicidal behavior
- D. Initiate seizure precautions for the client
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In cases of benzodiazepine overdose, such as diazepam ingestion, flumazenil is the antidote. Therefore, the priority action for the nurse is to administer flumazenil to the client. Monitoring the IV site for thrombophlebitis (Choice A) is important but not the immediate priority. Evaluating the client for further suicidal behavior (Choice C) is important but not the next immediate action. Initiating seizure precautions (Choice D) is not the priority as the client's airway has already been secured.
4. A client is following Seventh-Day Adventist dietary laws. Which of the following dietary guidelines should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Replace salt with pepper when seasoning food.
- B. Request that coffee is removed from meal trays.
- C. Offer pork with two meals per week.
- D. Provide a high-protein snack between meals.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Seventh-Day Adventists typically avoid stimulants like caffeine, so requesting that coffee be removed from meal trays is appropriate. Choice A is incorrect because it does not specifically relate to Seventh-Day Adventist dietary guidelines. Choice C is incorrect as pork is generally avoided in Seventh-Day Adventist dietary laws. Choice D is incorrect as it does not address the specific dietary preferences of Seventh-Day Adventist clients.
5. The nurse has just started assessing a young child who is febrile and appears ill. There is hyperextension of the child's head (opisthotonos) with pain on flexion. Which is the most appropriate action?
- A. Ask the parent when the neck was injured
- B. Refer for immediate medical evaluation
- C. Continue assessment to determine the cause of the neck pain
- D. Record head lag on the assessment record and continue the assessment of the child
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Opisthotonos with pain on flexion is a sign of possible meningitis or other serious neurological conditions, requiring immediate medical evaluation.