Nursing Elites

1. The interpersonal perspective ________.

• A. arose as a reaction against the unscientific methods of psychoanalysis.
• B. was introduced by Erik Erikson.
• C. emphasizes social rather than inner determinants of behavior.
• D. is the most influential humanistic perspective today.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The interpersonal perspective emphasizes social rather than inner determinants of behavior. Choice A is incorrect as the interpersonal perspective focuses on social interactions rather than being a reaction against psychoanalysis. Choice B is incorrect as the interpersonal perspective is not specifically attributed to Erik Erikson. Choice D is incorrect as the most influential humanistic perspective today would be humanistic psychology, not the interpersonal perspective.

2. What is the biopsychosocial model, and why is it important?

• A. A model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors.
• B. A model that focuses solely on biological factors.
• C. A model that excludes social factors.
• D. A model that focuses solely on psychological factors.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The biopsychosocial model is a model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors. It is important because it recognizes the interconnectedness of these factors in influencing an individual's mental health. Option B is incorrect because the biopsychosocial model does not focus solely on biological factors. Option C is incorrect as the model does not exclude social factors. Option D is incorrect as the model does not focus solely on psychological factors.

3. David believes that characters in a popular science fiction show are secretly sending him messages. This would be an example of a delusion of?

• A. Persecution
• B. Influence
• C. Reference
• D. Grandeur

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Reference. A delusion of reference is when an individual believes that external events or characters are sending them personal messages. In this scenario, David's belief that characters from the science fiction show are sending him messages aligns with a delusion of reference. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because persecution delusions involve feeling targeted or harassed, influence delusions involve believing external forces are controlling one's thoughts or actions, and grandeur delusions involve an exaggerated sense of importance or power.

4. When the parent returned in the strange situation experiment, babies with ____ attachment tend to remain upset for long periods of time, kicking, screaming, refusing to be distracted with toys, and sometimes arching back and away from contact?

• A. Secure
• B. Avoidant
• C. Ambivalent
• D. Disorganized

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the strange situation experiment, babies with ambivalent attachment display distress and have difficulty calming down when a parent returns. They may kick, scream, refuse toys, and show signs of physical discomfort or resistance. This behavior is characteristic of ambivalent attachment, where the infant shows mixed emotions and finds it hard to be soothed by the returning parent. Secure attachment (Choice A) refers to babies who seek comfort from the parent but can be soothed upon return. Avoidant attachment (Choice B) involves babies showing little emotion upon reunion with the parent. Disorganized attachment (Choice D) displays inconsistent or confused behaviors in the strange situation experiment.

5. From the cognitive-behavioral perspective, an important limitation with the behavioral perspective is that ________.

• A. Behaviorists went too far in attacking the psychoanalytic perspective.
• B. Behaviorists failed to attend to the importance of mental processes.
• C. Behaviorists were too focused on explaining how abnormal behavior is acquired.
• D. Behaviorists underestimated the role of reinforcement.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because behaviorists, from the cognitive-behavioral perspective, are criticized for not considering the significance of mental processes. This limitation is a key point in the cognitive-behavioral perspective, which emphasizes the interplay between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the specific limitation of failing to account for mental processes in the behavioral perspective.

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