ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Clep Practice Exam
1. The influence of situational factors on moral judgments indicates that like Piaget's cognitive stages, Kohlberg's moral stages are __________.
- A. predictable and universal
- B. highly organized and sequential
- C. attained in a neat, stepwise fashion
- D. loosely organized and overlapping
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Kohlberg's moral stages are not strictly sequential but rather overlap and are more fluid, much like Piaget's cognitive stages. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Kohlberg's stages do not follow a neat, predictable, or highly organized pattern, as they can be revisited and experienced in varying orders.
2. A client is taking Ritonavir, a protease inhibitor, to treat HIV infection. The nurse should monitor for which of the following adverse effects of this medication?
- A. Increased TSH level
- B. Decreased ALT level
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Hyperlipidemia
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hyperlipidemia. Ritonavir, a protease inhibitor used in HIV treatment, can lead to hyperlipidemia, characterized by increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Monitoring lipid levels is crucial to identify and manage this potential adverse effect. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Ritonavir is not known to cause an increased TSH level, decreased ALT level, or hypoglycemia as adverse effects.
3. A nasogastric tube for suction is ordered for a neonate diagnosed with a diaphragmatic hernia. Which complication related to gastric drainage is the priority when planning care for this neonate?
- A. Weight loss
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Dehydration
- D. Hyperbilirubinemia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis is the priority complication to consider when a neonate with a diaphragmatic hernia is placed on gastric suction. Prolonged gastric drainage can lead to the loss of stomach acids, resulting in metabolic alkalosis, which can have serious consequences for the neonate's health.
4. A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving a blood transfusion. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of a hemolytic transfusion reaction?
- A. Low back pain.
- B. Bradycardia.
- C. Chills.
- D. Distended neck veins.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Low back pain. Low back pain is a common sign of a hemolytic transfusion reaction, indicating the destruction of red blood cells. This finding requires immediate intervention as it can lead to serious complications such as renal failure. Bradycardia (choice B) is not typically associated with a hemolytic transfusion reaction. Chills (choice C) can be seen in febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions. Distended neck veins (choice D) are more indicative of fluid overload rather than a hemolytic reaction.
5. A community health nurse is overwhelmed with all that needs to be done in one day. Which task could most easily be postponed?
- A. Reviewing the most recent hospital patient data collected by the local college of nursing
- B. Deciding which of several possible new clinic options would be most effective in better meeting the needs of the local community
- C. Evaluating the results of the most recent community-wide screening program before planning for the next community health program
- D. Giving testimony to the state legislature on a new health and safety bill
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most easily postponed task among the options provided is reviewing the most recent hospital patient data collected by the local college of nursing. This task focuses on data collection and analysis, which can be delayed without immediate impact on decision-making related to new clinic options, community-wide screening program evaluation, or legislative testimony on health and safety bills.
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