ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Practice Test A 2019
1. Which type of immunity is demonstrated by the transfer of a mother's immunoglobulin across the placenta to protect the child?
- A. Natural active immunity
- B. Natural passive immunity
- C. Artificial active immunity
- D. Artificial passive immunity
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The immunoglobulin passed from the mother to the child through the placenta is an example of natural passive immunity, making choice B the correct answer. This transfer gives the child temporary immunity to various diseases without their immune system having to work. On the other hand, natural active immunity (Choice A) occurs when the body produces its own antibodies in response to an antigen. Artificial active immunity (Choice C) is achieved through vaccinations, where the immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies against a specific disease. Artificial passive immunity (Choice D) is a temporary immunity that involves the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from another source.
2. The equal sharing of resources is known as _____.
- A. autonomy
- B. ethics
- C. disclosure
- D. distributive justice
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, distributive justice. Distributive justice involves the fair and equitable distribution of resources among all individuals in society. Option A, autonomy, refers to the right of individuals to make their own decisions. Option B, ethics, pertains to moral principles. Option C, disclosure, refers to the act of making information known.
3. Which of the following statements about ethical principles and laws is true?
- A. The government holds the power to enforce ethics.
- B. Laws provide standards that assist in decision making.
- C. Ethics are very specific.
- D. As a standard for measuring actions, ethical principles may be the basis for laws.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'As a standard for measuring actions, ethical principles may be the basis for laws.' This statement is true as ethical principles can influence the creation and implementation of laws. Ethical principles often serve as a foundation for laws by reflecting societal values and moral standards. Choice A is incorrect because while the government may enforce laws, ethics are typically guided by moral principles rather than government enforcement. Choice B is incorrect because laws provide legal standards, not ethical standards, for decision-making. Choice C is incorrect because ethics are not always very specific; they can be broad and encompass various moral values and principles.
4. A nurse is assessing a newborn who is 12 hours old. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Heart rate 140/min.
- B. A bulging anterior fontanel.
- C. Respiratory rate 50/min.
- D. Blood glucose 45 mg/dL.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A blood glucose level of 45 mg/dL is below the normal range for a newborn and indicates hypoglycemia, which can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Therefore, this finding should be reported to the provider immediately. Choices A, B, and C are within normal ranges for a newborn and do not require immediate reporting. A heart rate of 140/min, a bulging anterior fontanel, and a respiratory rate of 50/min are all common findings in a newborn and do not raise immediate concerns.
5. Which food is a high source of prebiotics?
- A. Chicken
- B. Garlic
- C. White rice
- D. Cheese
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Garlic is the correct answer. It is high in prebiotics, which are non-digestible fibers that promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Chicken, white rice, and cheese are not significant sources of prebiotics. Chicken is a good source of protein, white rice is a carbohydrate, and cheese is a dairy product, none of which are high in prebiotics.