ATI RN
Proctored Nutrition ATI
1. What is the function of villi and microvilli in the GI tract?
- A. produce bile
- B. kill bacteria
- C. produce vitamin K
- D. increase the surface area for absorption
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Villi and microvilli in the GI tract serve to increase the surface area of the small intestine, aiding in the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as villi and microvilli are primarily involved in enhancing absorption, not in producing bile, killing bacteria, or producing vitamin K.
2. A client with Graves' disease is being taught about her prescribed medications. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the use of Propranolol in the treatment of Graves' disease?
- A. Propranolol helps increase blood flow to my thyroid gland.
- B. Propranolol is used to prevent excess glucose in my blood.
- C. Propranolol will decrease my tremors and fast heart rate.
- D. Propranolol promotes a decrease in thyroid hormone in my body.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Propranolol is a beta-adrenergic antagonist that helps decrease heart rate and control tremors in individuals with Graves' disease. It does not increase blood flow to the thyroid gland (choice A), prevent excess glucose in the blood (choice B), or directly decrease thyroid hormone levels in the body (choice D). Propranolol's primary role in Graves' disease is to alleviate symptoms like tremors and fast heart rate by blocking the effects of excessive thyroid hormone, rather than reducing the actual levels of thyroid hormone in the body.
3. How do social determinants impact health?
- A. They directly affect health behaviors and outcomes.
- B. They primarily influence genetic predisposition.
- C. They have minimal impact on overall health.
- D. They determine access to health resources.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Social determinants play a significant role in impacting health by directly influencing health behaviors and outcomes. These determinants include factors such as socioeconomic status, education, neighborhood, and access to healthcare, which shape the conditions in which individuals live, work, and age, ultimately affecting their health status.
4. When should a patient taking omeprazole be administered the medication?
- A. Before bedtime
- B. After dinner
- C. In the morning on an empty stomach
- D. With the patient's lunch meal
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Omeprazole should be administered in the morning on an empty stomach to maximize its effectiveness. This timing is important as omeprazole works best when taken before a meal to inhibit acid production by the stomach. Taking it on an empty stomach in the morning allows the medication to be absorbed efficiently and provides optimal therapeutic effects throughout the day. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because taking omeprazole before bedtime, after dinner, or with lunch may not allow the medication to work effectively as it requires an empty stomach for better absorption and action.
5. A client has a new prescription for Digoxin. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a potential sign of Digoxin toxicity?
- A. Nausea
- B. Dry mouth
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Tinnitus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Nausea is a potential sign of Digoxin toxicity. Other signs of Digoxin toxicity include vomiting, visual disturbances, and confusion. Nausea can be an early indicator of toxicity and should be closely monitored by the nurse. Dry mouth and hypoglycemia are not typically associated with Digoxin toxicity. Tinnitus is more commonly associated with medications like aspirin or loop diuretics, not Digoxin.