the first step in the scientific method is to

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Practice A

1. What is the first step in the scientific method?

A. Conduct an experiment
B. Make an observation and ask a question
C. Formulate a hypothesis
D. Reach a consensus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The first step in the scientific method is to make an observation and ask a question. This is because the scientific method is a systematic process of investigation that begins with observing a phenomenon or asking a question about it. This is followed by formulating a hypothesis (Choice C), designing and conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis (Choice A), and analyzing the results to reach a consensus or conclusion (Choice D). Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they represent steps that occur after the initial observation and question.

2. Lynn is an older adult who lives alone and has requested advice on how to eat a nutritious diet as cheaply as possible. One useful, practical tip for Lynn might be to _____.

A. buy just a few pieces of fresh fruit at a time, in different stages of ripeness
B. choose small boxes of frozen vegetables instead of large bags
C. purchase pre-sliced or shredded cheese rather than whole pieces
D. avoid buying certain foods in bulk, such as beans or dried legumes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Buying a few pieces of fresh fruit at different stages of ripeness ensures that Lynn will have ripe fruit available over several days, reducing waste and cost. Choice B focuses on frozen vegetables but doesn't address the variety and ripeness factor like Choice A. Choice C is about cheese, which may not be as essential for a nutritious diet compared to fresh fruit. Choice D suggests avoiding certain foods in bulk, which might not be as relevant for maintaining a nutritious diet economically as the strategy in Choice A.

3. When is infertility said to exist?

A. When a woman has no uterus
B. When a woman has no children
C. When a couple has been trying to conceive for 1 year without success
D. When a couple has desired a child for 6 months

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant despite having frequent, unprotected sex for at least a year for most couples. Therefore, the correct answer is C. A, B, and D are incorrect. While having no uterus (choice A) may result in infertility, it is not the sole determining factor. Similarly, not having children (choice B) does not automatically indicate infertility. Lastly, the time frame of 6 months (choice D) is not sufficient to determine infertility; typically, a year of trying without success is required for such a diagnosis.

4. Systemic disease often manifests in the oral cavity first. Disease within the oral cavity can cause systemic complications.

A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are true. Systemic diseases can often present with oral manifestations before other systemic signs appear. Additionally, oral diseases can have systemic implications by affecting a person's overall health, such as through inflammation or compromised nutrient intake. Choice B is incorrect because both statements are true, as supported by medical literature. Choice C is incorrect because the second statement is also true. Choice D is incorrect because the first statement is true.

5. Which type of fatty acid has carbon atoms connected by two or more double bonds?

A. Saturated fatty acids
B. Monounsaturated fatty acids
C. Trans fatty acids
D. Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Polyunsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids have two or more double bonds in their carbon chains, making them less stable and more prone to oxidation. This characteristic distinguishes them from saturated fatty acids (Choice A), which have single bonds between carbon atoms providing stability. Monounsaturated fatty acids (Choice B) contain only one double bond, and trans fatty acids (Choice C) can have varying numbers of double bonds but are not specifically defined by having two or more double bonds.