ATI RN
Pathophysiology Exam 1 Quizlet
1. Which immunoglobulin is the first to appear in response to a new antigen?
- A. IgA
- B. IgG
- C. IgE
- D. IgM
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is IgM. IgM is the first immunoglobulin to appear in response to a new antigen. It is produced initially during the primary immune response. IgA is mainly found in mucosal areas and secretions. IgG is produced in a secondary immune response and is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the bloodstream. IgE is involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections, not the initial response to a new antigen.
2. A healthcare professional in a provider's office is reviewing the medical record of a client who is pregnant and is at her first prenatal visit. Which of the following immunizations may the healthcare professional administer safely to this client?
- A. Varicella vaccine
- B. Rubella vaccine
- C. Inactivated influenza vaccine
- D. Measles vaccine
Correct answer: C
Rationale: During pregnancy, it is safe for women to receive the inactivated influenza vaccine, which is recommended by healthcare providers to protect pregnant individuals from influenza. Vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine during pregnancy not only provides protection to the pregnant individual but also confers passive immunity to the newborn during the vulnerable early months of life. The Varicella, Rubella, and Measles vaccines are live vaccines and are contraindicated during pregnancy due to the theoretical risk of transmission of the live virus to the fetus, which could potentially cause harm.
3. A healthcare professional is reviewing the medical records of a client who has a pressure ulcer. Which of the following findings should the professional expect?
- A. Albumin level of 3
- B. Hemoglobin of 12
- C. Normal skin moisture
- D. No signs of infection
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Albumin level of 3. A low albumin level indicates poor nutrition, which can contribute to the development of pressure ulcers. Choice B, Hemoglobin of 12, is within the normal range and is not directly associated with pressure ulcers. Choice C, Normal skin moisture, does not provide specific information related to pressure ulcers. Choice D, No signs of infection, while important, is not a direct finding associated with pressure ulcers.
4. The client has orders for a nasogastric (NG) tube insertion. During the procedure, instructions that will assist in the insertion would be:
- A. Instruct the client to tilt his head back for insertion in the nostril, then flex his neck for the final insertion
- B. After insertion into the nostril, instruct the client to extend his neck
- C. Introduce the tube with the client’s head tilted back, then instruct him to keep his head upright for final insertion
- D. Instruct the client to hold his chin down, then back for insertion of the tube
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Instructing the client to tilt his head back for insertion in the nostril, then flex his neck for the final insertion helps facilitate the NG tube insertion.
5. A client reports taking Aspirin four times daily for a sprained wrist. Which of the following prescribed medications taken by the client is contraindicated with aspirin?
- A. Digoxin
- B. Metformin
- C. Warfarin
- D. Nitroglycerin
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation, which can increase the effect of anticoagulants like warfarin, leading to an elevated risk of bleeding. Therefore, the concurrent use of aspirin and warfarin is generally contraindicated due to this potential interaction. Digoxin is not contraindicated with aspirin in most cases. Metformin and nitroglycerin do not have significant interactions with aspirin, making them less likely to be contraindicated in this scenario.
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