ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Practice Exam
1. The client is on spironolactone (Aldactone). What is the most important dietary instruction?
- A. Avoid foods high in potassium.
- B. Increase intake of foods high in potassium.
- C. Avoid foods high in sodium.
- D. Increase intake of foods high in sodium.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to avoid foods high in potassium. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, meaning it helps the body retain potassium and can lead to hyperkalemia if too much potassium is consumed. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because increasing intake of potassium-rich foods can worsen hyperkalemia, while avoiding foods high in sodium is not the primary concern when taking spironolactone.
2. When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true?
- A. The head is facing to the front.
- B. The palms are facing forward.
- C. The body is erect.
- D. The upper limbs are at the sides.
Correct answer: The palms are facing forward.
Rationale: In the anatomical position, the palms are facing forward, not backward. Choice A is correct because the head is indeed facing to the front. Choice C is correct as the body is erect. Choice D is correct as the upper limbs are positioned at the sides. Therefore, the incorrect statement is that the palms are facing forward.
3. A nurse is assessing a client who has a sodium level of 122 mEq/L. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Decreased deep tendon reflexes
- B. Positive Chvostek's sign
- C. Hyperactive bowel sounds
- D. Dry mucous membranes
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected deep tendon reflexes occur with hyponatremia. Other manifestations of hyponatremia include headache, confusion, lethargy, fatigue, seizures, and muscle weakness. Positive Chvostek's sign is associated with hypocalcemia, hyperactive bowel sounds are not typically related to hyponatremia, and dry mucous membranes are more commonly seen with dehydration.
4. Which of the following is a common characteristic of a high reliability organization (HRO)?
- A. Flexibility
- B. Reluctance to simplify
- C. Preoccupation with failure
- D. Deference to expertise
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A common characteristic of a high reliability organization (HRO) is a preoccupation with failure. HROs focus on identifying and addressing potential failure points to prevent errors and maintain high levels of safety and reliability. This mindset helps them anticipate and mitigate risks proactively, leading to better outcomes and performance. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. While flexibility, reluctance to simplify, and deference to expertise may be important in various contexts, they are not the primary defining characteristics of a high reliability organization. The core focus of HROs is on continuously monitoring for potential failures and working to prevent them.
5. On inspection, which client does the nurse suspect of having a visual impairment?
- A. The client whose sclera is white
- B. The client who has an intact blink reflex
- C. The client who is tilting their head
- D. The client with equal pupils
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Tilting the head may indicate a visual impairment as the client attempts to compensate for vision loss.
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