Nursing Elites

1. What is a condition where the alveoli are gradually destroyed, leading to shortness of breath and reduced oxygen exchange?

• A. Emphysema
• B. Pulmonary fibrosis
• C. Pulmonary edema
• D. Lung cancer

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emphysema. Emphysema is a chronic lung condition where the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs are damaged, reducing the surface area available for gas exchange. This destruction leads to symptoms like shortness of breath and reduced oxygen exchange. Choice B, pulmonary fibrosis, involves scarring and thickening of the lung tissue, not destruction of alveoli. Choice C, pulmonary edema, is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, not destruction of alveoli. Choice D, lung cancer, is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lungs, not destruction of alveoli.

2. This is a type of lung disease that results from the inhalation of certain dusts, often in the workplace, leading to lung damage.

• A. Pneumoconiosis
• B. Asbestosis
• C. Silicosis
• D. Anthracosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Pneumoconiosis is the correct answer. It is a lung disease caused by inhaling certain types of dust, commonly in a workplace setting, resulting in lung damage. Asbestosis (choice B) is a specific type of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos fibers. Silicosis (choice C) is another type of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaling crystalline silica dust. Anthracosis (choice D) is a condition characterized by the accumulation of coal dust particles in the lungs, not necessarily resulting in lung damage.

3. Where is the impulse from the SA node delayed, enabling atrial contraction to complete before the ventricles are stimulated and contract?

• A. AV node
• B. Bundle of His
• C. SA node
• D. Aorta

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is AV node. The AV node is responsible for delaying the impulse from the SA node, allowing the atria to contract before the ventricles. This delay ensures the effective pumping of blood in a coordinated manner. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the Bundle of His is responsible for transmitting the impulse to the Purkinje fibers, the SA node is the pacemaker of the heart responsible for initiating the heartbeat, and the aorta is the main artery carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the body, respectively, none of which are involved in delaying the impulse to allow atrial contraction before ventricular contraction.

4. The client on a beta blocker has a blood pressure of 88/58 mm Hg. What is the nurse’s priority action?

• A. Hold the beta blocker and notify the healthcare provider.
• B. Administer the beta blocker as ordered.
• C. Increase the dose of the beta blocker.
• D. Continue to monitor the client and reassess in 30 minutes.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when a client on a beta blocker presents with a blood pressure of 88/58 mm Hg is to hold the beta blocker and notify the healthcare provider. Beta blockers can further decrease blood pressure, which is already low in this case. Administering the beta blocker as ordered (Choice B) would exacerbate the hypotension. Increasing the dose of the beta blocker (Choice C) would be inappropriate and unsafe given the low blood pressure. Continuing to monitor the client and reassessing in 30 minutes (Choice D) could lead to a delay in necessary intervention. Therefore, the priority is to hold the medication and seek guidance from the healthcare provider.

5. What condition involves the heart's electrical system malfunctioning, causing very fast heartbeats originating from the ventricles?

• A. Ventricular tachycardia
• B. Atrial fibrillation
• C. Supraventricular tachycardia
• D. Bradycardia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Ventricular tachycardia is the correct answer. It is a condition characterized by the heart's electrical system malfunctioning, leading to very fast heartbeats originating from the ventricles. Ventricular tachycardia can be life-threatening as it may progress to ventricular fibrillation, causing cardiac arrest. Atrial fibrillation (choice B) involves rapid, irregular beating of the atria, not the ventricles. Supraventricular tachycardia (choice C) originates above the ventricles and does not involve ventricular malfunction. Bradycardia (choice D) is the opposite of tachycardia, characterized by an abnormally slow heart rate.

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