Nursing Elites

1. Lowering the hand by straightening the elbow affects which of the following muscles?

• A. biceps brachii
• B. triceps brachii
• C. brachialis
• D. brachioradialis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lowering the hand by straightening the elbow is the action of extending the forearm, which is primarily done by the triceps brachii muscle. The triceps brachii is the main extensor muscle of the elbow joint. The biceps brachii is responsible for flexing the elbow, not extending it, making it an incorrect choice. Brachialis is a strong elbow flexor, and brachioradialis helps in flexing the elbow and pronating the forearm, so they are not the primary muscles involved in straightening the elbow.

2. Blood cells are produced in the organs of the _______ system.

• A. endocrine
• B. skeletal
• C. superior to
• D. inferior to

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Blood cells are produced in the organs of the hematopoietic system. The correct answer is 'superior to' as this refers to the location of the organs responsible for blood cell production, typically bone marrow found in bones such as the vertebrae, ribs, and skull. 'Endocrine' (Choice A) refers to a different system responsible for hormone production. 'Skeletal' (Choice B) relates to bones but not specifically to the production of blood cells. Choices C and D, 'superior to' and 'inferior to,' do not make sense in the context of blood cell production and are incorrect.

3. Which of the following valves prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium of the heart?

• A. Aortic
• B. Tricuspid valve
• C. Pulmonic
• D. Mitral valve

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the tricuspid valve. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart. Its main function is to prevent the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium during the heart's pumping cycle. Choice A, the aortic valve, is responsible for preventing backflow from the aorta into the left ventricle. Choice C, the pulmonic valve, prevents backflow from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle. Choice D, the mitral valve, prevents backflow from the left ventricle into the left atrium.

4. Which of the following are vital signs?

• A. Body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate
• B. Appearance of the skin, red blood cell count, oxygen level
• C. Body weight, age, gender
• D. Visual acuity and auditory sharpness

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate. Vital signs are measurements that indicate the body's basic functions and are essential indicators of health. Body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate are classic vital signs routinely checked in medical settings to assess a person's overall health status. Choices B, C, and D are not considered vital signs. The appearance of the skin, red blood cell count, and oxygen level may provide valuable health information but are not classified as vital signs. Similarly, body weight, age, and gender are important factors in healthcare but are not vital signs. Visual acuity and auditory sharpness relate to sensory functions and are not typically categorized as vital signs.

5. Which of the following processes is most important for the continuation of the human species?

• A. Responsiveness
• B. Movement
• C. Reproduction
• D. Respiration

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Reproduction is the most important process for the continuation of the human species as it involves the creation of new individuals. Without reproduction, the human species would cease to exist. Responsiveness and movement are essential for individual survival and functioning but do not directly impact the continuation of the species. Respiration is crucial for obtaining energy but is not directly linked to the continuation of the species.

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