Nursing Elites

1. Lowering the hand by straightening the elbow affects which of the following muscles?

• A. biceps brachii
• B. triceps brachii
• C. brachialis
• D. brachioradialis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lowering the hand by straightening the elbow is the action of extending the forearm, which is primarily done by the triceps brachii muscle. The triceps brachii is the main extensor muscle of the elbow joint. The biceps brachii is responsible for flexing the elbow, not extending it, making it an incorrect choice. Brachialis is a strong elbow flexor, and brachioradialis helps in flexing the elbow and pronating the forearm, so they are not the primary muscles involved in straightening the elbow.

2. The ability of an organism to sense and react to changes in its body illustrates

• A. circulation.
• B. respiration.
• C. responsiveness.
• D. absorption

Correct answer: C.

Rationale: The correct answer is 'responsiveness.' Responsiveness refers to the ability of an organism to detect and respond to stimuli in its environment. In this context, it specifically relates to an organism's ability to sense and react to changes within its body. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Circulation refers to the movement of fluids within an organism, respiration is the process of exchanging gases, and absorption is the uptake of substances by cells or tissues.

3. The organ systems responsible for integration and coordination are the nervous and endocrine systems.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is True. The nervous and endocrine systems are indeed responsible for integration and coordination in the body. The nervous system uses electrical impulses to send signals quickly, while the endocrine system uses hormones to send chemical messages more slowly. Together, they work to regulate various bodily functions and maintain homeostasis. The other choices are incorrect as the statement accurately describes the roles of the nervous and endocrine systems in integration and coordination.

4. Which of the following is a result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?

• A. decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles
• B. increased cardiac output
• C. decreased respiratory rate
• D. increased urinary output

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system leads to an increase in cardiac output. When the sympathetic nervous system is activated, it causes the heart to beat faster and with more force, leading to an increased cardiac output. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the sympathetic nervous system does not cause decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles, decreased respiratory rate, or increased urinary output.

5. Which of the following is a role of platelets in hemostasis?

• A. formation of plugs
• B. promotion of vasodilation
• C. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
• D. activation of calcium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis by forming plugs to stop bleeding. Choice B is incorrect because platelets do not promote vasodilation; instead, they help in vasoconstriction. Choice C is incorrect as the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin is a function of the coagulation cascade involving various clotting factors, not platelets. Choice D is incorrect as platelets do not directly activate calcium; instead, they play a role in the activation of other clotting factors.

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