Nursing Elites

1. Lowering the hand by straightening the elbow affects which of the following muscles?

• A. biceps brachii
• B. triceps brachii
• C. brachialis
• D. brachioradialis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lowering the hand by straightening the elbow is the action of extending the forearm, which is primarily done by the triceps brachii muscle. The triceps brachii is the main extensor muscle of the elbow joint. The biceps brachii is responsible for flexing the elbow, not extending it, making it an incorrect choice. Brachialis is a strong elbow flexor, and brachioradialis helps in flexing the elbow and pronating the forearm, so they are not the primary muscles involved in straightening the elbow.

2. What is assimilation?

• A. changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms
• B. breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can absorb
• C. eliminating waste from the body
• D. an increase in body size without a change in overall shape

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Assimilation is the process of changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms. It occurs after nutrients from food are absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body. Choice B, breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can absorb, refers to the process of digestion rather than assimilation. Choice C, eliminating waste from the body, describes the process of excretion. Choice D, an increase in body size without a change in overall shape, does not accurately define assimilation.

3. In a normally functioning cardiovascular system, where does the heartbeat originate?

• A. Atrioventricular nodes
• B. Bundle of His
• C. Purkinje fibers
• D. Sinoatrial node

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the Sinoatrial (SA) node. The SA node is known as the natural pacemaker of the heart as it initiates the electrical impulses responsible for the heartbeat. The other choices, such as the Atrioventricular (AV) nodes, Bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers, are involved in conducting the electrical signals generated by the SA node to coordinate the heart's contractions. Therefore, they do not serve as the primary origin of the heartbeat.

4. An anatomical section that separates the body into right and left portions is a _______ section.

• A. frontal
• B. transverse
• C. coronal
• D. sagittal

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'sagittal.' A sagittal section divides the body into right and left portions. Choice A, 'frontal,' is incorrect as it divides the body into front and back portions. Choice B, 'transverse,' divides the body into upper and lower portions. Choice C, 'coronal,' divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. Therefore, 'sagittal' is the most appropriate term for a section separating the body into right and left portions.

5. The origin of the term 'anatomy' is related to

• A. the Greek word for 'function.'
• B. the name of the first anatomist.
• C. the Greek word for 'cutting up.'
• D. the function of internal organs.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: the Greek word for 'cutting up.' The term 'anatomy' originates from the Greek words 'ana' (up) and 'temnein' (to cut), which means 'cutting up' or 'dissection.' This term refers to the process of dissecting bodies to study their structure. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because 'anatomy' is not related to the Greek word for 'function,' the name of the first anatomist, or the function of internal organs, but rather to the act of cutting up for study and examination.

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