Nursing Elites

1. Lowering the hand by straightening the elbow affects which of the following muscles?

• A. biceps brachii
• B. triceps brachii
• C. brachialis
• D. brachioradialis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lowering the hand by straightening the elbow is the action of extending the forearm, which is primarily done by the triceps brachii muscle. The triceps brachii is the main extensor muscle of the elbow joint. The biceps brachii is responsible for flexing the elbow, not extending it, making it an incorrect choice. Brachialis is a strong elbow flexor, and brachioradialis helps in flexing the elbow and pronating the forearm, so they are not the primary muscles involved in straightening the elbow.

2. Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in the body and heat and pressure __________.

• A. decrease steadily
• B. remain within certain limited ranges
• C. increase when the body is stressed
• D. fluctuate greatly between very high and low values

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes. To achieve this balance, concentrations of essential substances must remain within specific ranges. Choice A is incorrect because decreasing concentrations would not maintain stability. Choice C is incorrect as increasing concentrations when the body is stressed would disrupt homeostasis. Choice D is incorrect as fluctuating greatly between high and low values would also not support the body's stability. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as it aligns with the concept of homeostasis by emphasizing the need for stability within certain limits.

3. Which of the following is not part of the female reproductive system?

• A. The uterus
• B. The uterine tube
• C. The vulva
• D. The bulbourethral gland

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The bulbourethral gland is not part of the female reproductive system. This gland is part of the male reproductive system and is responsible for producing a clear fluid that helps in lubrication during sexual activity. Choices A, B, and C are part of the female reproductive system. The uterus is where a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus. The uterine tube (fallopian tube) transports eggs from the ovary to the uterus. The vulva includes the external genital organs of the female.

4. When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true?

• A. The head is facing to the front.
• B. The palms are facing forward.
• C. The body is erect.
• D. The upper limbs are at the sides.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the anatomical position, the palms are facing forward, not backward. Choice A is correct because the head is indeed facing to the front. Choice C is correct as the body is erect. Choice D is correct as the upper limbs are positioned at the sides. Therefore, the incorrect statement is that the palms are facing forward.

5. An anatomical section that separates the body into right and left portions is a _______ section.

• A. frontal
• B. transverse
• C. coronal
• D. sagittal

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'sagittal.' A sagittal section divides the body into right and left portions. Choice A, 'frontal,' is incorrect as it divides the body into front and back portions. Choice B, 'transverse,' divides the body into upper and lower portions. Choice C, 'coronal,' divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. Therefore, 'sagittal' is the most appropriate term for a section separating the body into right and left portions.

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