Nursing Elites

1. Select all that apply. Which of the following oils contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and low levels of saturated and trans fats?

• A. vegetable oil
• B. palm oil
• C. coconut oil
• D. canola oil

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Vegetable, canola, and olive oils are high in unsaturated fats and low in saturated and trans fats, making them heart-healthy choices.

2. You notice that Miss Kate, a bread vendor, receives and changes money, then holds the bread without washing her hands. As a nurse, what should you say to Miss Kate?

• A. Miss, don't touch the bread, I'll be the one to pick it up.
• B. Miss, please wash your hands before you pick up the bread.
• C. Miss, use a pick-up forceps when picking up the bread.
• D. Miss, your hands are dirty, I guess I'll try another bread shop.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, as it emphasizes the importance of hygiene in food handling, which is crucial to prevent the spread of germs and diseases. The other options do not address the root of the issue, which is the unhygienic handling of food. Option A avoids direct confrontation but does not educate the vendor on proper hygiene. Option C, although it suggests a hygienic method, may not be practical or available in all situations. Option D is an avoidance strategy rather than a way to address the problem.

3. Which consumption pattern of fermentable carbohydrate is considered most cariogenic?

• A. A single exposure to a large quantity
• B. A single exposure to a small quantity
• C. Multiple exposures of small quantities
• D. Multiple exposures followed by chewing sugarless gum

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Multiple exposures of small quantities are considered most cariogenic. The total amount of dietary fermentable carbohydrate seems to matter less than the form and frequency in which it is consumed. Having multiple exposures of even small quantities of fermentable carbohydrate throughout the day promotes a highly cariogenic environment in the mouth. Choices A and B, involving single exposures, are less cariogenic as they do not sustain the fermentation process over time. Choice D suggests a beneficial practice by chewing sugarless gum after exposures, which can reduce the risk, making it less cariogenic compared to multiple exposures of small quantities.

4. When a nurse signs a consent form, which ethical principle is being observed regarding the patient?

• A. Autonomy
• B. Justice
• C. Accountability
• D. Beneficence

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Autonomy'. Autonomy refers to the patient's right to make their own decisions, which is being honored when a nurse signs a consent form. While beneficence (Choice D) is an important ethical principle that involves acting in the patient's best interest, it is not what is being primarily observed in this instance. Justice (Choice B) refers to fairness and equal treatment and is not specifically relevant to this scenario. Accountability (Choice C) pertains to being answerable for one's actions and decisions, but again, it is not the principle directly observed in this situation. Therefore, when a nurse signs a consent form, it is the principle of autonomy that is being observed.

5. In managing Type 2 diabetes, what is the most important dietary change?

• A. Increase carbohydrate intake
• B. Increase fiber intake
• C. Increase protein intake
• D. Reduce fat intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Increasing fiber intake can help regulate blood sugar levels in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

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