each of the following accurately describes aspects of the dietary reference intakes dris published by the food and nutrition board of the institute of

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Proctored

1. Each of the following accurately describes aspects of the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) published by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) except one. Which one is the exception?

A. The DRIs replace the older recommended daily allowances
B. Current DRIs attempt to estimate required nutrients to improve long-term health
C. DRIs specifically address individuals whose requirements are affected by a disease state
D. The DRIs attempt to establish maximum safe levels of tolerance for nutrients

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. DRIs are intended for the general population and do not specifically address disease states, which are managed with different clinical guidelines. Choice A is correct as DRIs have replaced the older recommended daily allowances. Choice B is correct as current DRIs aim to estimate the required nutrients for long-term health. Choice D is correct as DRIs also attempt to establish maximum safe levels of tolerance for nutrients.

2. Which enzyme digests fiber in the large intestine?

A. salivary amylase
B. pancreatic amylase
C. cellulase
D. none of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'none of the above.' Human digestive enzymes like salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase cannot digest fiber. Instead, fiber is fermented by gut bacteria in the large intestine. Cellulase, which is an enzyme produced by some animals and microorganisms, can break down cellulose found in plants, but it is not a human digestive enzyme, making it an incorrect choice in this context.

3. Medication for treating high blood cholesterol levels should not be used for most people unless:

A. The patient has at least three major risk factors for coronary heart disease
B. The patient has been experiencing symptoms of coronary heart disease for at least three months
C. The patient's medical insurance covers prescription drugs
D. Treatment with Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) alone is unsuccessful after three months

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is choice D because medication for high cholesterol is typically not considered unless Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC), which include diet and exercise, have not proven effective after a three-month period. This approach ensures that lifestyle modifications are given a fair chance to lower cholesterol levels before resorting to medication. Choice A is incorrect because the number of risk factors for coronary heart disease does not dictate when to begin medication; it is about the effectiveness of lifestyle changes. Choice B is incorrect as the duration of coronary heart disease symptoms does not determine when to start medication; the focus is on the response to TLC. Choice C is incorrect because the coverage of prescription drugs by the patient's insurance does not influence the medical decision to use medication for high cholesterol; it is based on medical necessity and effectiveness of prior interventions.

4. Match amylase with its digestive action:

A. breaks down carbs
B. breaks down proteins
C. breaks down lipids
D. helps fat digestion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'breaks down carbs.' Amylase is an enzyme that specifically targets carbohydrates, breaking them down into simpler sugars like maltose. This process aids in the digestion of carbohydrates in the human body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because amylase does not break down proteins, lipids, or directly aid fat digestion. Proteins are broken down by proteases, lipids are broken down by lipases, and fat digestion is primarily assisted by bile salts and lipases in the small intestine.

5. A nurse is providing teaching to a group of older adults about sources of complete and incomplete protein. Which of the following foods should the nurse include as a complete protein?

A. Yogurt
B. Fresh vegetables
C. Nuts
D. Dried Beans

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Yogurt is the correct answer as it is a complete protein source, containing all nine essential amino acids. Fresh vegetables, nuts, and dried beans are incomplete protein sources as they lack one or more essential amino acids required by the body.