Nursing Elites

1. How is pruning best defined?

• A. The process of eliminating unused synapses
• B. The process of synapse development
• C. The connection between neurons
• D. Fatty sheath that wraps around neurons and enables them to transmit information more rapidly

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Pruning is the process of eliminating unused synapses in the brain. This process helps the brain to become more efficient by strengthening important connections and eliminating unnecessary ones. Choice B is incorrect because pruning is about eliminating synapses, not developing them. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to the general concept of connections between neurons, not specifically about pruning. Choice D is incorrect as it describes the myelin sheath, which is responsible for rapid transmission of information along neurons, not pruning.

2. Alison believes that individuals learn to be either aggressive or nonaggressive as a result of the experiences they have. Alison's views are most consistent with which view in psychology?

• A. Behaviorist view of psychology.
• B. Structuralist view of psychology.
• C. Functionalist view of psychology.
• D. Psychoanalytic view of psychology.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Alison's belief that individuals learn to be either aggressive or nonaggressive as a result of their experiences aligns with the Behaviorist view of psychology. Behaviorism focuses on how behavior is learned through interactions with the environment, emphasizing the role of experience in shaping behavior. The other options are not directly related to the idea that behavior is learned through experiences: Structuralism focuses on the structure of conscious experience, Functionalism emphasizes the purpose of behavior, and Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the role of unconscious processes.

3. Which term describes a combination of economic and social factors detailing an individual or family's position, including income, education, and occupation?

• A. Culture
• B. Socioeconomic status
• C. Risk factors
• D. Ethnic gloss

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status (SES) is a term used to combine economic and social factors to describe an individual's or family's position in society. Choice A, Culture, refers to the beliefs, customs, and practices of a specific group of people. Choice C, Risk factors, are characteristics or exposures that increase the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. Choice D, Ethnic gloss, is not a term related to the description of an individual or family's economic and social position.

4. In __, the individual can't recall everything about a certain period of time.

• A. Systematized amnesia
• B. Selective amnesia
• C. Collective amnesia
• D. Localized amnesia

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Localized amnesia refers to the inability to recall all events during a specific period of time. This type of amnesia is characterized by the loss of memories related to a particular incident or period, while other memories remain intact. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they refer to different types of amnesia. Systematized amnesia is a term used to describe a selective loss of memory related to a specific category of information or knowledge. Selective amnesia involves the conscious or unconscious blocking out of specific memories, often due to psychological reasons. Collective amnesia pertains to a lack of shared memory or historical awareness within a group or society.

5. Newer psychodynamic perspectives ________.

• A. disregard most elements of Freud's theories.
• B. emphasize the role of the id.
• C. do not view the libido as a primary determinant of behavior.
• D. recognize intrapsychic conflicts as a primary determinant of behavior.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Newer psychodynamic perspectives do not view the libido as a primary determinant of behavior. While Freud's theories focused heavily on the libido as a driving force, newer perspectives have evolved to consider a broader range of factors influencing behavior. Choice A is incorrect as newer perspectives still build upon some elements of Freud's theories. Choice B is incorrect as newer perspectives may not solely emphasize the role of the id. Choice D is incorrect as while intrapsychic conflicts are considered important, they are not always viewed as the sole primary determinant of behavior in newer psychodynamic perspectives.

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