ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Exam Questions
1. Observations of imprinting led to which major concept in human development?
- A. adaptation
- B. equilibrium
- C. the critical period
- D. classical conditioning
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Observations of imprinting in animals, such as ducklings following the first moving object they see after hatching, led to the major concept of the critical period in human development. The critical period is a specific time frame during which an organism must experience certain stimuli to develop properly. This concept has been influential in understanding various aspects of human development, such as language acquisition and social attachment. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Adaptation refers to adjusting to the environment, equilibrium is about balance in cognitive processes, and classical conditioning is a learning process associated with behaviorism, none of which directly relate to the concept derived from imprinting observations.
2. A client with Angina Pectoris asks the nurse about the next step if they take one tablet, wait 5 minutes, but still have Anginal pain. Which response should the nurse provide?
- A. Take two more sublingual tablets at the same time.
- B. Call emergency services.
- C. Take a sustained-release nitroglycerin capsule.
- D. Wait another 5 minutes then take a second sublingual tablet.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: If anginal pain persists after taking the first tablet and waiting 5 minutes, the priority step is to call emergency services (911) and then take a second sublingual tablet. Persistent pain could indicate a myocardial infarction, and immediate medical attention is crucial. Taking two more tablets at the same time (Choice A) can lead to excessive vasodilation and hypotension. Taking a sustained-release nitroglycerin capsule (Choice C) is not appropriate for immediate relief during an acute episode. Waiting another 5 minutes and then taking a second tablet (Choice D) is not advisable in this emergency situation where prompt action is necessary.
3. The nurse is caring for a client on digoxin. What is the most important assessment before administering this medication?
- A. Check the client’s heart rate.
- B. Check the client’s blood pressure.
- C. Check the client’s respiratory rate.
- D. Check the client’s oxygen saturation.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to check the client’s heart rate before administering digoxin because one of the side effects of digoxin is bradycardia. Monitoring the heart rate is crucial to assess whether the client's heart rate is within the acceptable range before giving the medication. Checking the blood pressure (Choice B), respiratory rate (Choice C), or oxygen saturation (Choice D) are important assessments in general patient care, but they are not specifically related to the administration of digoxin.
4. Mina, who is suspected of an ovarian tumor is scheduled for a pelvic ultrasound. The nurse provides which preprocedure instruction to the client?
- A. Eat a light breakfast only
- B. Maintain an NPO status before the procedure
- C. Wear comfortable clothing and shoes for the procedure
- D. Drink six to eight glasses of water without voiding before the test
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A pelvic ultrasound requires the client to have a full bladder because the bladder acts as a window through which pelvic organs, such as the uterus and ovaries, can be visualized more clearly. The full bladder pushes the intestines out of the way and provides a better acoustic pathway for the ultrasound waves. Without this, the pelvic organs might be obscured, and the images would be less accurate.
5. Which meal should be removed for a client taking warfarin?
- A. Oriental cabbage salad with chicken
- B. Beef enchilada, rice, and beans
- C. Ham and cheese sandwich
- D. Macaroni salad and grapefruit slices
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct meal to remove for a client taking warfarin is the 'Ham and cheese sandwich.' Ham is high in vitamin K, which can interfere with the effectiveness of warfarin, a medication that works by decreasing the clotting ability of the blood. Vitamin K can counteract the effects of warfarin by promoting blood clotting. Choices A, B, and D do not contain high amounts of vitamin K and are therefore safer options for individuals taking warfarin.
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