Nursing Elites

1. Most evaluations are based on absolute judgment. This is:

• A. A standard set by an external source.
• B. The manager and staff's perceived notion.
• C. Internal standards.
• D. The manager's personal opinion.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The internal standard used in evaluations is the criteria set by the manager, reflecting what they perceive as reasonable and acceptable performance for the employee. Choice A is incorrect because the standard is internal, not set by an external source. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to the collective perception of the manager and staff, rather than the internal standard. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to the manager's personal opinion, which may not always align with the internal standards set for evaluations.

2. Although technology has seen many advances, which two ethical principles may be in conflict because of technology?

• A. Beneficence and justice
• B. Beneficence and nonmaleficence
• C. Beneficence and veracity
• D. Beneficence and confidentiality

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Beneficence and nonmaleficence. Beneficence is the ethical principle of doing good to benefit others, while nonmaleficence is the principle of doing no harm to others. With technological advances, there can be a conflict between these two principles, as the benefits of technology may inadvertently cause harm, leading to an ethical dilemma. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while beneficence is involved in all options, the conflicting principle of nonmaleficence specifically addresses the avoidance of harm, making it the most relevant in the context of technology's impact on ethical principles.

3. A registered nurse (RN) administered a patient�s morning insulin as the breakfast tray arrived at 0800. The RN performed a complete assessment at the same time. Then, the RN got busy with her other patients and did not check on the patient until 1400. At that time, she found the patient unresponsive with a blood glucose of 23. Both the breakfast and lunch tray were at the bedside untouched. Which of the following could the RN be charged with?

• A. Quasi-intentional tort
• B. Misdemeanor
• C. Negligence
• D. Juvenile offense

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The RN could be charged with negligence.

4. A manager has been given a deadline to complete an assignment by the end of the day. It will take every minute left of the afternoon to complete. Which interventions illustrate assertiveness to minimize interruptions in order to meet the deadline? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Allowing voicemail to answer all incoming calls or turning off email notification
• B. Delegating a discharge planning issue for a patient to one of the staff nurses
• C. Placing a 'Do Not Disturb for the Afternoon' sign on the office door
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: All the interventions listed are appropriate ways to minimize interruptions. By allowing voicemail to answer calls or turning off email notifications, the manager can focus solely on the assignment. Delegating tasks to staff nurses frees up the manager's time. Placing a 'Do Not Disturb for the Afternoon' sign on the office door sends a clear message to minimize interruptions and focus on the deadline. Therefore, all of the above interventions illustrate assertiveness to meet the deadline by minimizing interruptions.

5. What is the major difference between managers and leaders?

• A. Leaders usually have legitimate power.
• B. Leaders do not necessarily make good managers.
• C. Managers are not always leaders.
• D. Managers always have legitimate power.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The major difference between managers and leaders is that managers always have legitimate power. This is because managers derive their authority from their position within an organization, giving them legitimate power over subordinates. On the other hand, leaders do not always have legitimate power; their influence may come from various sources such as expertise, charisma, or the ability to inspire others. Choice A is incorrect because not all leaders necessarily have legitimate power. Choice B is incorrect as it is a generalization that leaders do not make good managers, which is not always the case. Choice C is incorrect as there can be managers who are also effective leaders.

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