Nursing Elites

1. Match the following terms in column A with the correct definition in Column B:

• A. I. Topical anesthesia C. The agent is applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes of the skin. II. Epidural anesthesia D. Injecting the anesthesia in the epidural mater of the spinal cord.
• B. II. Epidural anesthesia B. Anesthesia is introduced in the subarachnoid space at the lumbar area L4 and L5. I. Topical anesthesia C. The agent is applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes of the skin.
• C. I. Topical anesthesia C. The agent is applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes of the skin. II. Epidural anesthesia D. Injecting the anesthesia in the epidural mater of the spinal cord.
• D. I. Topical anesthesia C. The agent is applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes of the skin. II. Epidural anesthesia B. Anesthesia is introduced in the subarachnoid space at the lumbar area L4 and L5.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Topical anesthesia involves applying the anesthetic agent directly to the skin and mucous membranes to numb the area. On the other hand, epidural anesthesia involves injecting the anesthetic into the epidural space surrounding the spinal cord. Therefore, the correct matches are: I. Topical anesthesia with the definition of applying the agent directly to the skin and mucous membranes (Choice C), and II. Epidural anesthesia with the definition of injecting the anesthesia in the epidural space around the spinal cord (Choice D).

2. What are the major risk factors common to the above mentioned 4 major NCDs?

• A. Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking
• B. Hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, and poor stress management
• C. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking
• D. Unhealthy diet, alcoholism, and sedentary lifestyle

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The major risk factors common to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes mellitus are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking. These risk factors contribute significantly to the development and progression of these non-communicable diseases.

3. James' illness can be classified as:

• A. Pneumonia
• B. Very severe illness
• C. Severe pneumonia
• D. No pneumonia

Correct answer: D

Rationale: James' illness can be classified as 'No pneumonia' because there are no general danger signs present, and his breathing rate is normal, indicating the absence of pneumonia.

4. What best describes the importance of community partnerships in health promotion?

• A. They provide additional resources and support.
• B. They reduce the workload of healthcare professionals.
• C. They ensure compliance with regulations.
• D. They create competition among healthcare organizations.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Community partnerships play a crucial role in health promotion by providing additional resources and support. These partnerships enhance the effectiveness of health promotion activities by leveraging diverse skills, knowledge, and resources from various community stakeholders. Collaborating with community partners can expand the reach and impact of health promotion initiatives beyond what could be achieved solely by healthcare professionals.

5. Which best describes an example of health advocacy?

• A. Educating policymakers about health issues
• B. Providing direct patient care
• C. Organizing community health fairs
• D. Developing new health technologies

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Educating policymakers about health issues.' Health advocacy involves advocating for improved health outcomes by influencing policy changes through educating policymakers about health issues. This can lead to systemic changes that benefit public health on a broader scale. Providing direct patient care (Choice B) is important but falls under healthcare delivery rather than advocacy. Organizing community health fairs (Choice C) is a community health promotion activity rather than advocacy. Developing new health technologies (Choice D) is related to innovation and research, not advocacy efforts focused on policy change.

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