Nursing Elites

1. Inadequate intake of vitamin A occurs in lower socioeconomic groups due to a lack of resources to purchase and consume vegetables and fruits.

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. Inadequate intake of vitamin A in lower socioeconomic groups is due to a lack of resources to purchase and consume vegetables and fruits. This is supported by the fact that the average intake in the United States meets the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin A intake, except in lower socioeconomic groups. These individuals often lack the financial means to buy, prepare, and eat a variety of fruits and vegetables, leading to deficiencies. It's important to note that because vitamin A can be stored in the liver, most adults have sufficient quantities to maintain health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the statement and reason are both accurate and logically connected, as the lack of resources directly impacts the ability to obtain necessary sources of vitamin A.

2. Each of the following describes the physiologic roles of water, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Acts as a solvent for chemical reactions.
• B. Maintains stability of body fluids.
• C. Enables transport of nutrients and excretion of waste.
• D. Regulates temperature by pooling as perspiration on skin.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Water regulates body temperature by evaporating as perspiration from the skin, not by pooling. When sweat evaporates from the skin, it takes away heat, which helps cool the body. Choices A, B, and C are correct because water acts as a solvent for chemical reactions, maintains the stability of body fluids, and enables the transport of nutrients and excretion of waste, respectively.

3. Which vitamin is also known as Niacin?

• A. Vitamin B1
• B. Vitamin B2
• C. Vitamin B3
• D. Vitamin B12

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin B3, also known as Niacin. Niacin is essential for energy metabolism and can help improve cholesterol levels. Vitamin B1 is Thiamine, Vitamin B2 is Riboflavin, and Vitamin B12 is Cobalamin. These vitamins have different functions in the body and are not synonymous with Niacin.

4. Can soluble fibers be fermented by gut bacteria?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Soluble fibers can indeed be fermented by gut bacteria in the large intestine, leading to the production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids. This fermentation process is important for gut health and provides various health benefits. Therefore, the statement is true. Choice B is incorrect as it contradicts the known scientific fact that soluble fibers can be broken down by gut bacteria through fermentation.

5. After surgery Leda develops peripheral numbness, tingling and muscle twitching and spasm. What would you anticipate to administer?

• A. Magnesium sulfate C. Potassium iodide
• B. Calcium gluconate D. Potassium chloride
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

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