in patients with acute kidney injury oliguria leads to

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2023

1. What does oliguria lead to in patients with acute kidney injury?

A. Hypophosphatemia and overgrowth of bone tissue
B. An increase in blood potassium levels due to excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone
C. Sodium retention and elevated levels of potassium
D. Edema due to increased urine production

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In patients with acute kidney injury, oliguria (reduced urine output) often results in sodium retention and hyperkalemia (elevated levels of potassium). This is due to the kidneys' decreased capacity to excrete these substances. Choice A is incorrect because hypophosphatemia and overgrowth of bone tissue are not direct consequences of oliguria in acute kidney injury. Choice B is incorrect because an increase in blood potassium levels is not caused by excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone but rather by decreased excretion of potassium. Choice D is incorrect because edema is not caused by increased urine production but rather by fluid overload due to decreased urine output.

2. As a Nurse Manager, DMLM enjoys her staff of talented and self motivated individuals. She knew that the leadership style to suit the needs of this kind of people is called:

A. Autocratic
B. Participative
C. Democratic
D. Laissez Faire

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

3. While a team effort is necessary in the operating room (OR) for efficient and quality patient care delivery, the number of people in the room should be limited for infection control purposes. Which roles comprise this team?

A. Surgeon, anesthesiologist, scrub nurse, radiologist, orderly
B. Surgeon, assistants, scrub nurse, circulating nurse, anesthesiologist
C. Surgeon, assistant surgeon, anesthesiologist, scrub nurse, pathologist
D. Surgeon, assistant surgeon, anesthesiologist, intern, scrub nurse

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The roles typically present in an operating room team include the surgeon, assistants (which may include an assistant surgeon), scrub nurse, circulating nurse, and anesthesiologist. These roles are directly involved in the operation and patient care. Choice B is correct. Choice A includes a radiologist and an orderly, who are not typically part of the immediate surgical team in the OR. Choice C includes a pathologist, who usually works in a laboratory outside of the OR. Choice D includes an intern, who may or may not be part of the team, depending on the specific circumstances and hospital policy. These explanations make choices A, C, and D incorrect.

4. Which food items should be avoided by a child with lactose intolerance?

A. Popcorn, seeds, and any foods containing nuts.
B. Milk, cheese, ice cream, and puddings.
C. Wheat, rye, barley, and commercially baked goods.
D. Eggs, ham, bacon, and canned meats.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Milk, cheese, ice cream, and puddings should be avoided by a child with lactose intolerance because they contain lactose, which the child's body may have difficulty digesting. Option A is incorrect as popcorn, seeds, and foods containing nuts do not typically contain lactose. Option C lists wheat, rye, barley, and commercially baked goods, which are sources of gluten, not lactose. Option D includes eggs, ham, bacon, and canned meats, which are also not sources of lactose. Therefore, B is the most appropriate choice for a child with lactose intolerance.