Nursing Elites

1. A client is being educated by a nurse on snacks suitable for a low-fat, low-sodium, and low-cholesterol diet. Which of the following food choices by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

• A. A slice of cheese
• B. A jam sandwich
• C. A cup of plain popcorn
• D. A small container of applesauce

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A slice of cheese. Cheese is high in fat, sodium, and cholesterol, making it unsuitable for a low-fat, low-sodium, and low-cholesterol diet. Choices B, C, and D are more appropriate for such a diet. B: A jam sandwich can be low in fat, sodium, and cholesterol if made with whole grain bread and a low-sugar jam. C: A cup of plain popcorn is a good choice as it is low in fat and can be made without added salt. D: A small container of applesauce is also a suitable option for a low-fat, low-sodium, and low-cholesterol diet.

2. To prevent baby bottle tooth decay, what should the nurse instruct?

• A. Water
• B. Milk
• C. Iron-fortified formula
• D. Unsweetened fruit juice

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Water. Water is the best choice to prevent baby bottle tooth decay as it does not cause tooth decay and is a good option for bedtime bottles. Milk (choice B) and iron-fortified formula (choice C) contain sugars that can contribute to tooth decay. Unsweetened fruit juice (choice D) also contains natural sugars that can be harmful to the baby's teeth.

3. She instructed the interviewees not to tell the interviewees that the data gathered are for her own research project for publication. This teacher has violated the student’s right to:

• A. Not be harmed
• B. Disclosure
• C. Privacy
• D. Self-determination

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

4. What is the movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration called?

• A. Hypodipsia
• B. Hypernatremia
• C. Hypokalemia
• D. Osmosis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Osmosis. Osmosis is the process where water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. This movement equalizes the solute concentration in intracellular and extracellular fluids. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not describe the movement of water based on solute concentration levels.

5. Medication for treating high blood cholesterol levels should not be used for most people unless:

• A. The patient has at least three major risk factors for coronary heart disease
• B. The patient has been experiencing symptoms of coronary heart disease for at least three months
• C. The patient's medical insurance covers prescription drugs
• D. Treatment with Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) alone is unsuccessful after three months

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is choice D because medication for high cholesterol is typically not considered unless Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC), which include diet and exercise, have not proven effective after a three-month period. This approach ensures that lifestyle modifications are given a fair chance to lower cholesterol levels before resorting to medication. Choice A is incorrect because the number of risk factors for coronary heart disease does not dictate when to begin medication; it is about the effectiveness of lifestyle changes. Choice B is incorrect as the duration of coronary heart disease symptoms does not determine when to start medication; the focus is on the response to TLC. Choice C is incorrect because the coverage of prescription drugs by the patient's insurance does not influence the medical decision to use medication for high cholesterol; it is based on medical necessity and effectiveness of prior interventions.

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