in his research study dr johnson gives participants false feedback about their performance consequently dr johnson should use after the research sess

ATI RN

Growth and Development Exam

1. In his research study, Dr. Johnson gives participants false feedback about their performance. Consequently, Dr. Johnson should use __________ after the research session is over. Copyright Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â© 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 37 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e

A. informed consent
B. a privacy statement
C. debriefing
D. a placebo Answer: C Page Ref: 39 Skill Level: Apply Topic: Ethics in Lifespan Research Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dr. Johnson should use debriefing after the research session is over because giving participants false feedback may have affected them psychologically. Debriefing involves explaining the true nature of the study, including any deception that occurred, to the participants in order to protect their well-being and address any lingering concerns or misconceptions they may have. It is an important ethical practice in research to ensure participants are fully informed about the study they were involved in.

2. According to cognitive-developmental theory, a scheme is __________.

A. an internal process that occurs apart from any contact with the environment
B. the understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight
C. the ability to copy the behavior of others
D. an organized way of making sense of experience

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In cognitive-developmental theory, a scheme is an organized way of making sense of experience. This term refers to mental structures or frameworks that help individuals interpret and understand the world around them. Choice A is incorrect because schemes are developed through interaction with the environment. Choice B refers to object permanence, a concept from Piaget's theory of cognitive development, not schemes. Choice C describes observational learning, which is different from the concept of schemes in cognitive development.

3. When __________, newborn Takeo's toes should fan out and curl as his foot twists in.

A. a bright light shines in his eyes
B. his bare foot touches a flat surface
C. his cheek is stroked near the corner of his mouth
D. the sole of his foot is stroked from toe to heel

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the description of the twisting and fanning out of newborn Takeo's toes suggests the Babinski reflex, which is typically elicited by stroking the sole of the foot from toe to heel. The Babinski reflex is a normal response in newborns and indicates proper neurological development. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not elicit the specific response described in the question.

4. Among all Western nations, which country has the highest percentage of extremely poor children?

A. the United States
B. Canada
C. Germany
D. France

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'the United States.' According to the information provided, the United States has the highest percentage of extremely poor children among Western nations. This is supported by the extract, which states that the United States leads in this aspect. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the question specifically asks for the country with the highest percentage of extremely poor children among Western nations, which is the United States.

5. The harm done by teratogens __________.

A. is straightforward and predictable
B. is usually apparent at birth
C. rarely goes beyond physical damage
D. depends on age at the time of exposure

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The harm done by teratogens depends on the age at the time of exposure. This means that the effects may vary depending on the developmental stage of the fetus when exposed to the teratogen. Teratogens can have different impacts at different stages of pregnancy, leading to a range of potential outcomes in terms of physical and/or cognitive development. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the harm caused by teratogens is not straightforward, may not be apparent at birth, and can go beyond physical damage, affecting cognitive development as well.