Nursing Elites

1. In __, the individual can't recall everything about a certain period of time.

• A. Systematized amnesia
• B. Selective amnesia
• C. Collective amnesia
• D. Localized amnesia

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Localized amnesia refers to the inability to recall all events during a specific period of time. This type of amnesia is characterized by the loss of memories related to a particular incident or period, while other memories remain intact. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they refer to different types of amnesia. Systematized amnesia is a term used to describe a selective loss of memory related to a specific category of information or knowledge. Selective amnesia involves the conscious or unconscious blocking out of specific memories, often due to psychological reasons. Collective amnesia pertains to a lack of shared memory or historical awareness within a group or society.

2. Why is it particularly useful to study identical twins who were raised in different environments?

• A. Differences in brain function can be easily identified.
• B. Concordance rates tend to be higher.
• C. It is possible that the genetics of twins who have been separated have changed in ways to explain any differences found.
• D. It is possible that high concordance rates between identical twins reared together are due to their being treated more similarly than nonidentical twins.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Studying identical twins raised in different environments allows researchers to understand the impact of genetics versus environmental factors on traits. Choice A is incorrect because differences in brain function can be influenced by a variety of factors and not solely by environmental differences. Choice B is incorrect as concordance rates tend to be higher in identical twins reared together due to shared genetics and environment. Choice C is incorrect because genetics do not change due to being raised in different environments.

3. What is the current view of developmentalists regarding important changes throughout the entire human lifespan?

• A. Multicultural perspective
• B. Lifespan perspective
• C. Atypical development
• D. Maturation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Lifespan perspective.' This perspective highlights that significant developmental changes occur throughout a person's entire life, emphasizing continuous growth and development. Choice A, 'Multicultural perspective,' refers to the consideration of cultural influences on development rather than the timeline of changes. Choice C, 'Atypical development,' pertains to deviations from typical developmental patterns and is not directly related to the continuous changes across the lifespan. Choice D, 'Maturation,' specifically refers to the biological process of growth and development, which is different from the broader concept of developmental changes occurring across the lifespan.

4. When examining heredity, mental disorders are almost always ________

• A. influenced by one particular gene.
• B. influenced by multiple genes.
• C. influenced by recessive genes.
• D. not influenced by genes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When examining heredity, mental disorders are influenced by multiple genes. Mental disorders are complex conditions that typically result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and other factors. While genetics play a significant role in predisposing individuals to mental disorders, it is rare for a single gene to be solely responsible for a mental disorder. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because mental disorders are not usually influenced by one particular gene, recessive genes specifically, or not influenced by genes at all.

5. In order for one to have a recessive trait (e.g., having red hair), the person must receive?

• A. At least one copy of a recessive gene from a parent
• B. Two copies of a recessive gene, one from each parent
• C. At least one copy of a recessive gene and at least one copy of a dominant gene
• D. At least two copies of a recessive gene from one parent

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Recessive traits are expressed when an individual inherits two copies of the recessive gene, one from each parent. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Choice A is incorrect as one copy of a recessive gene is not sufficient to display a recessive trait. Choice C is incorrect because having at least one copy of a dominant gene is unrelated to expressing a recessive trait. Choice D is incorrect because two copies of a recessive gene must come from both parents, not just one.

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