ATI RN
ATI Fundamentals Proctored Exam 2024
1. If a patient's blood pressure is 150/96, what is his pulse pressure?
- A. 54
- B. 96
- C. 150
- D. 246
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Pulse pressure is calculated by subtracting the diastolic pressure from the systolic pressure. In this case, the systolic pressure is 150 and the diastolic pressure is 96. Therefore, the pulse pressure is 150 - 96 = 54. Pulse pressure represents the force generated by the heart with each contraction and is an important indicator of cardiovascular health.
2. Which of the following is a rare genetic disorder that affects the lungs, liver, and skin, causing the buildup of a specific protein that damages organs?
- A. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
- B. Cystic fibrosis
- C. Wegener's granulomatosis
- D. Marfan syndrome
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. This disorder leads to the accumulation of a specific protein that can harm the lungs, liver, and skin. Choice B, Cystic fibrosis, is incorrect because it primarily affects the lungs and digestive system due to a defective gene. Choice C, Wegener's granulomatosis, is an autoimmune disease that involves inflammation of blood vessels, not protein buildup. Choice D, Marfan syndrome, is a connective tissue disorder impacting the heart, blood vessels, bones, and eyes, but not involving protein accumulation that damages organs.
3. Which actions by the nurse demonstrate clinical reasoning? (Select all that apply.)
- A. All below
- B. Considering alternative actions
- C. Using formal and informal thinking to gather data
- D. Giving deliberate thought to a patient's problem
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Clinical reasoning involves deliberate and thoughtful decision-making, considering alternatives, and using both formal and informal data gathering methods to provide optimum care.
4. The parent of a 1-month-old infant voices concern about the infant’s respirations. The parent states the respirations are rapid and irregular. Which information should the nurse provide?
- A. The normal respiratory rate for an infant at this age is between 20 and 30 breaths per minute.
- B. The respirations of a 1-month-old infant are normally irregular and periodically pause.
- C. An infant at this age should have regular respirations.
- D. The irregularity of the infant's respirations is concerning; I will notify the health care provider.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Irregular respirations with periodic pauses are normal in a 1-month-old infant. Choice A is incorrect because the normal respiratory rate for an infant at this age is higher than the range provided. Choice C is incorrect as irregular respirations are expected in infants. Choice D is not appropriate as irregular respirations with periodic pauses are a normal finding in young infants and do not necessarily indicate a concern that requires immediate notification of the healthcare provider.
5. A nurse is preparing to administer an IV bolus of 0.9% sodium chloride to a client who is dehydrated. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Administer the solution slowly over 24 hours
- B. Assess the client's lung sounds before administration
- C. Change the IV tubing every 12 hours
- D. Flush the IV line with 2 mL of heparin every 4 hours
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take is to assess the client's lung sounds before administering IV fluids. This is crucial to identify any signs of fluid overload, such as crackles or wheezes. Administering the solution slowly over 24 hours (choice A) is not appropriate for an IV bolus, which is a rapid infusion. Changing the IV tubing every 12 hours (choice C) is a standard practice for preventing infection but is not directly related to administering an IV bolus. Flushing the IV line with heparin every 4 hours (choice D) is a maintenance practice to prevent clot formation in the line, not specifically related to administering an IV bolus.