Nursing Elites

1. How many amino acids are essential?

• A. 5
• B. 7
• C. 9
• D. 13

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 9. There are 9 essential amino acids that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained through the diet. These 9 amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the correct number of essential amino acids.

2. A nurse is caring for a client who is well-hydrated and who demonstrates no evidence of anemia. Which of the following laboratory values gives the nurse an assessment of the adequacy of the client's protein uptake and synthesis?

• A. Albumin
• B. Calcium
• C. Sodium
• D. Potassium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Albumin. Albumin is a protein made by the liver and is a key indicator of the body's protein status. Low levels of albumin can indicate inadequate protein intake or synthesis. Choices B, C, and D (Calcium, Sodium, and Potassium) are not direct indicators of protein uptake and synthesis. Calcium is related to bone health, Sodium to fluid balance, and Potassium to nerve and muscle function.

3. What dietary strategy would most likely be used as part of lifestyle management to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease?

• A. Avoid foods that contain polyunsaturated fat
• B. Limit saturated fat to less than 10 percent of total calories
• C. Limit alcohol intake to one drink daily for women and two drinks daily for men
• D. Avoid consumption of fish and shellfish

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Limiting alcohol intake is part of a strategy to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by avoiding the negative cardiovascular effects associated with excessive alcohol consumption.

4. Which of the following amino acids are considered indispensable?

• A. Lysine
• B. Methionine
• C. Tryptophan
• D. Valine

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lysine. Indispensable amino acids are those that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained from the diet. Lysine, methionine, and tryptophan are all examples of indispensable amino acids. However, the question specifically asked for 3 out of the 9 indispensable amino acids, making 'Lysine' the correct choice. Choices B, C, and D are also indispensable amino acids but are not the focus of the question.

5. A nurse is planning teaching for the parents of a toddler who follows a vegetarian diet. The nurse should plan to include which of the following foods as the best source of dietary protein for the child?

• A. Soy milk
• B. Peanut butter
• C. Dried beans
• D. Whole grains

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dried beans are the best source of dietary protein for a toddler following a vegetarian diet. They are rich in protein and other essential nutrients. Soy milk, while a good source of protein, may not provide as much protein density as dried beans. Peanut butter is a good source of protein but may not be as protein-dense as dried beans. Whole grains are not as high in protein content compared to dried beans, making them a less optimal choice for meeting the toddler's protein needs.

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